CAE CAE Inc. Common Shares
XNAS 23.73 DelayedStock quote, options chain, IV rank, technicals, AI analysis, and institutional ownership. Iron condor setups Expected move IV rank history Fibonacci levels Insider trading
Market data may be delayed, incomplete, or inaccurate. Not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security. Verify quotes with your broker before trading. See Terms §17.
CAE
$23.73
—
Key stats
$23.73
- 52-Week Range
- $22.76 – $34.24
- YTD
- -23.25%
- IV Rank (30D)
- 49.46
- Straddle Price
- $3.08
- P/C Vol Ratio
- 0.00
- Market Cap
- $7.6B
Fair Value
MODEL: NEUTRAL
A blended fair-value estimate combining up to six valuation methods. Each method is weighted by how well it fits the company — DCF down-weights for unprofitable names; DDM only fires for steady dividend payers; comparables down-weight when peer multiples disagree.
- DCF (quality-aware) — projects free cash flow with a horizon that scales to business quality. True compounders (quality 6/6) get 10 years explicit + 10 years fade before terminal; cyclical/struggling names (quality 0-1) get a 5-year terminal cliff. Quality is scored from ROE, gross margin, growth, FCF margin, debt load, and FCF consistency — the same factors that drive market premium for compounders.
- Market-Implied Growth (in Model Inputs) — reverse-DCF that answers "what growth rate is the market pricing in?". Lets you sanity-check the deviation: if implied growth is plausible for the business, the model's bearish flag may be wrong; if implausible, the market may be over-extrapolating.
- DDM (Gordon Growth Dividend Model) — values the stream of future dividends. Only used when trailing yield ≥ 2% and dividend payments are stable — below that the dividend is a token payout and Gordon (which values only the dividend stream) systematically underprices growth names, so those route to DCF + comparables + market anchor instead.
- P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/B, P/S — applies the peer-group median multiple to this company's per-share metric. Peers come from the same set as the "Related symbols" card. Earnings/sales metrics are forward-tilted by the company's recent revenue growth (capped at 25%) so they're comparable to peers' growth-embedded multiples — mimics how analysts use NTM rather than TTM. Per-multiple weights are biased by company quality (e.g. P/B down-weighted for asset-light tech).
- Market Anchor (SMA50) — the 50-day moving average, weighted by recent trading-range stability (tighter Bollinger bands → higher weight). Captures information fundamentals miss (forward consensus, sentiment, supply/demand) — but only when recent trading is steady enough that the market has converged on a view. During wild breakouts or breakdowns the anchor's weight collapses.
- Options Expected (B-L 30d) — the risk-neutral expected stock price at 30-day options expiration, derived from the full implied-volatility surface via Breeden-Litzenberger (second derivative of call price wrt strike → implied PDF, then E[S_T]). Forward-looking, captures all options-implied information (smile, skew, term structure) in one number. Weighted by chain liquidity. SP500-only at present (pre-computed daily). Backtest evidence: adds modest alpha across most bucket × holding combos.
- Blended value — weighted average. Confidence reflects how many methods fired and how tight peer dispersion is.
- Deviation pill — green when blended FV ≥ 10% above current price (undervalued); red when ≥ 10% below; grey otherwise.
| 10-yr Treasury (rf) | 5.24% |
| Beta vs SPY | 1.08 |
| Cost of Equity (CAPM) | 11.19% (VRP-adj) |
| WACC | 5.27% |
| Volatility Risk Premium | +37.8pp (IV − HV30), ERP adj +50bps |
| Effective Tax Rate | 21.0% |
| Rev. Growth (YoY, DCF input) | +3.0% |
| DCF Horizon | 5 years explicit + fade |
| Forward Tilt (NTM/TTM) | ×1.03 (applied to P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/S) |
| Debt / Equity | 0.55 |
| Quality Score | 0/6 — cyclical/struggling (5y DCF) |
| SMA 50 | $25.10 (Market Anchor value) |
| SMA 20 / Bollinger Mid | $24.16 |
| Bollinger Width / SMA20 | 23.0% (drives anchor stability) |
| Net Debt | $1.7B |
Peers used for multiples: AIN, BA, GD, LHX, LMT, NOC, RTX, TXT
60-Day Conviction
28%
20-Day Fair Value
≈ by Nov 4, 2026
$23.69
α -0.2%
rank 39%
conviction
12%
40-Day Fair Value
≈ by Dec 3, 2026
$24.06
α +1.4%
rank 43%
conviction
40%
60-Day Fair Value
≈ by Jan 1, 2027
$23.91
α +0.7%
rank 48%
conviction
28%
| Method | Implied Price | Weight | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| DCF | n/a | 0% | |
| DDM (Gordon) | n/a | 0% | |
| Peer P/E | n/a | 0% | median 19.9× · 7 peers |
| Peer EV/EBITDA | n/a | 0% | median 14.5× · 7 peers |
| Peer P/B | n/a | 0% | median 3.5× · 8 peers |
| Peer P/S | n/a | 0% | median 1.6× · 8 peers |
| Market Anchor (SMA50) | $25.10 | 100% | stability 35% (BB-width) |
| Options Expected (B-L 30d) | $23.06 | 0% | 7 strikes · skew -1.02 |
As of 2026-10-06 · updated
About
- Industry (SIC)
- MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES (3690)
- Exchange
- XNAS
- Market Cap
- $7.6B
CAE Inc provides training and aviation services, integrated enterprise solutions, in-service support, and crew-sourcing services. The company operations are managed through two segments: i) Civil Aviation: Provides comprehensive training solutions for flight, cabin, maintenance, ground personnel and air traffic controllers in commercial, business and helicopter aviation, a complete range of flight simulation training devices, ab initio pilot training and crew sourcing services, as well as airline operations digital solutions; and ii) Defense and Security which is a world-wide training and simu…
Summary
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composite
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No summary data available for this symbol yet.
Each spoke is this symbol's rank within its sector (0–100; the dotted ring marks the sector median at 50). Higher is more constructive for a long. One spoke — News sentiment — is an absolute reading, not a sector rank. Grayed spokes have no data. A fuller shape is a summary, not a recommendation.
Chart
Seasonality
| Month | Avg Return | Years of Data |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | +1.83% | 6 |
| Feb | +1.36% | 6 |
| Mar | -1.31% | 6 |
| Apr | -1.77% | 6 |
| May | -2.18% | 6 |
| Jun | +0.63% | 6 |
| Jul | +1.10% | 6 |
| Aug | -6.75% | 6 |
| Sep | -0.31% | 6 |
| Oct | +1.73% | 6 |
| Nov | +3.21% | 5 |
| Dec | +4.54% | 5 |
Technical Indicators
Quick-reference for reading the values below. Indicators combine to confirm a view — no single one is a trade signal on its own.
Trend Indicators
- SMA 20 / 50 / 200 — price above = uptrend, below = downtrend. SMA 50 crossing SMA 200 is the golden/death cross.
- EMA 12 / 26 — faster-reacting averages; 12 above 26 is short-term bullish.
- MACD — bullish when MACD > signal (green badge), bearish when below. Divergence from price often precedes reversals.
- ADX (14) — trend strength regardless of direction. <20 range, 20–25 weak trend, 25–50 trend, >50 strong trend.
- +DI / −DI — +DI > −DI favors bulls; the reverse favors bears. Read alongside ADX.
Momentum Oscillators
- RSI (14) — <30 oversold, >70 overbought. 40–60 is neutral; trending names can stay extreme.
- Stochastic %K / %D — <20 oversold, >80 overbought. %K crossing %D is an early momentum signal.
- Williams %R — inverted scale: <−80 oversold, >−20 overbought.
Oscillators work best in range-bound markets; in strong trends they give premature reversal signals.
Volume & Volatility
- Bollinger Bands — price at upper band = overbought, lower = oversold. Narrow bands (squeeze) often precede expansion.
- OBV — cumulative volume; rising OBV confirms uptrend, falling OBV confirms downtrend. Divergence from price is a warning.
- Vol SMA 20 / Vol ROC — today's volume vs. 20-day average. Positive ROC with price move = conviction.
- ATR / True Range — average daily $ move; sizing and stop-loss reference.
- HV 20 / 30 / 60 — realized (historical) volatility. Compare to IV on the options cards: IV > HV = rich premium.
Confluence matters: trend + momentum + volume agreeing carries far more weight than any single indicator. For how these feed the spread scanner score, see the algorithm docs →
Trend Indicators
SMA 20: $24.13
SMA 50: $25.06
SMA 200: $27.18
Current: $23.73
EMA 12: $24.08
EMA 26: $24.32
MACD: -0.2414 | Signal: -0.0096
BEARISH
ADX (14): 16.71
RANGE
+DI: 11.74
−DI: 23.40
Momentum Oscillators
RSI (14): 41.58
NEUTRAL
Stoch %K: 20.65
Stoch %D: 26.22
Williams %R: -81.38
Volume & Volatility
BB Upper: $24.82
BB Lower: $23.44
NEUTRAL
OBV: 11,144,149
Vol SMA 20: 904,564
Vol ROC: -13.49%
ATR: $0.59
True Range: $0.50
HV 20: 25.7%
HV 30: 26.0%
HV 60: 28.5%
Data Summary
Data Points: 500
Last Updated:
Date Range: 2024-10-08T00:00:00 – 2026-10-06T00:00:00
AI Analysis
LLM Stock Analysis Report - CAE
Executive Summary
Overall Assessment: NEUTRAL (Confidence Level: 6/10)
The stock is trading near its 200-day moving average, indicating a potential mean reversion or consolidation phase. The recent news headlines suggest positive sentiment, but the technical signals are mixed. The options market pricing suggests a moderate move by expiration.
Key Drivers and Primary Risks
- Positive earnings momentum
- Consolidation around 200-day moving average
- Moderate volatility
Recent News Sentiment Impact
The recent news headlines are mostly positive, with two out of three articles highlighting the stock's potential for dividend investors and its technical signals. This sentiment is reflected in the options market pricing, which suggests a moderate move by expiration.
Technical Analysis
Trend Direction: NEUTRAL (Short-term: Consolidation, Medium-term: Uptrend, Long-term: Uptrend)
Support/Resistance Levels:
- Lower: $26.05 (Bollinger Band)
- Middle: $29.22 (SMA 50)
- Upper: $32.38 (Bollinger Band)
Momentum Signals:
- RSI (14): 65.60 (neutral)
- MACD: Bullish
- Bollinger Bands: Neutral
Volume Analysis: Volume is moderate, with a volume rate of change of 0.81%. Institutional interest is reflected in the OBV.
News & Sentiment Analysis
Recent Headlines Summary: The news headlines are mostly positive, highlighting earnings momentum and technical signals.
Sentiment Assessment: Positive (3 out of 3 articles)
Catalyst Identification: None significant in the near term.
Market Narrative: The market narrative is reflected in the options market pricing, suggesting a moderate move by expiration.
Risk & Volatility Assessment
Beta Interpretation: Moderate volatility (beta = 0.96 vs SPY)
Volatility Regime: Historical average volatility level
Options Market Signals:
- IV Rank: High
- Put/Call Volume Ratio: Bullish
- Open Interest: Bullish
Downside Protection: Support at $26.05 and $29.22.
Market Context & Positioning
Sector Performance: CAE is outperforming the sector, with a relative strength of 0.5.
Institutional Activity: Institutional interest is reflected in the OBV and options market signals.
Correlation Analysis: The stock has a moderate correlation with the market (R-squared = 0.56).
Relative Valuation: CAE is trading at a premium to its peers, but within a reasonable range.
Key Levels & Action Items
Critical Price Levels:
- Lower: $26.05
- Middle: $29.22
- Upper: $32.38
Breakout/Breakdown Levels: None significant in the near term.
Time-Sensitive Catalysts: Earnings date not available.
Risk Management: Stop-loss levels and position sizing considerations are important to manage risk.
Overall, CAE appears to be in a consolidation phase, with mixed technical signals and positive news sentiment. The options market pricing suggests a moderate move by expiration. Investors should monitor the stock's price action and consider adjusting their positions accordingly.
Generated
News
CAE Options Activity & IV Rank
CAE IV rank history, 52-week IV rank and IV percentile →
- IV Rank (30D)
- 49.46
- IV Rank (7D)
- 15.01
- IV (30D ATM)
- 42.7%
- Straddle (30D)
- $3.08
- Straddle (7D)
- $1.98
- P/C Volume
- 0.00
Spread Scanner GPU
Each spread is ranked by a composite score built in three stages. Full documentation →
Stage 1 — Base Score (GPU scanner)
score = P(profit) × (credit / spread_width)
P(profit) from short leg delta (1 − |delta|), penalised above 85%. Credit uses mid-price to handle illiquid chains fairly.
Stage 2 — Skew Adjustment (±25% cap)
RR and BF (30-delta) from the persisted per-symbol skew snapshot — wing strikes picked by real greeks.delta, not a moneyness proxy. Put skew boosts bull puts, penalises bear calls. High butterfly boosts iron condors. Calendars are skew-neutral.
Stage 3 — Technical Overlay (±50% cap, 5 groups)
Group 1 · Directional Bias (±0.25)
- RSI <40 bullish / >60 bearish
- MACD crossover + histogram trend
- Price vs SMA 50 & SMA 200
Group 2 · Momentum (±0.10)
- Stochastic %K <20 / >80
- Williams %R <−80 / >−20
Group 3 · Volatility (up to −0.25 / +0.15)
- Blended ATR + straddle expected-move penalty
- Bollinger Band signal (+ counter-trend penalty)
- BB width — vol contraction boost for ICs
Group 4 · IV Regime (±0.15)
- IV rank ≥ 75 → strong boost for credit spreads
- IV rank < 25 → penalty (selling cheap vol)
Group 5 · Liquidity (penalty up to −0.10)
- Min open interest across all legs
- OI < 100 → −0.10 · OI < 500 → −0.05
score = base_score × skew_multiplier × tech_multiplier
Both multipliers are shown per spread. Beta is informational only — ATR already captures realized vol. Full algorithm documentation →
Enter a ticker to scan for optimal spread opportunities.
Evaluates all bull put, bear call, iron condor, and calendar spread combinations using GPU-accelerated analysis.
Skew (Wing IV − ATM IV)
DTE:
Wing Δ:
Wing vs ATM
IV(put wing) − IV(ATM), in vol pointsHow much the OTM put trades above (or below) the at-the-money strike. Measures the height of the put-side tail relative to ATM — i.e. how expensive crash insurance is on this name.
- Positive (typical) — wing IV > ATM IV. Standard equity put skew: portfolios bid up crash protection, so OTM puts trade richer than ATM.
- Near zero or negative (unusual) — wing IV ≤ ATM IV. Flat or inverted put side. Common when there's no fear demand, in tightly mean-reverting names, or right after an earnings catalyst clears.
- Percentile vs own 3-yr history: high = wings rich (good time to sell wing premium); low = wings cheap (good time to buy protection).
- Not directional — high or low wings don't predict up or down moves. It's a price tag on tail insurance, not a forecast.
Risk Reversal
IV(call wing) − IV(put wing), equal delta on each sideWhich side of the smile is the market paying up for? Measures the tilt of the surface — call skew vs put skew at matched deltas.
- Negative (typical) — puts richer than calls. Standard equity behavior: hedging demand makes puts carry a premium. Most large-caps sit in the −1 to −5 vol-point range.
- Strongly negative (< −5 pts) — heavy downside hedging, elevated fear, or an upcoming catalyst (earnings, FDA, macro event). Worth flagging.
- Positive — calls richer than puts. Unusual for equities; signals bullish momentum, short-squeeze positioning, or takeover/M&A speculation.
- Near zero — symmetric surface. Market sees roughly equal up/down risk. Rare for large-caps; more common in commodities and FX.
Reading them together
Wing-vs-ATM tells you how expensive the tails are. Risk Reversal tells you which side is favored. Combined:
- High wing percentile + deeply negative RR → strong put bid; stress or major event priced in. Owning protection costs a premium; selling put premium is dangerous.
- Low wing percentile + near-zero RR → complacency; insurance cheap and balanced. Good environment to add cheap downside hedges.
- Positive RR + elevated wings → call-side fear-of-missing-out; common in squeeze setups. Upside calls expensive, downside puts not bid.
14 DTE / 10d
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—
pts
EXTREME
ATM — / Wing —
30 DTE / 10d
—
—
pts
EXTREME
ATM — / Wing —
Extreme reading.
Historically these have been contrarian — on the small set of observed earnings-day cases, large negative wing-vs-ATM gaps (calls pricing much richer than puts at the same delta) preceded sharp drops in the underlying within 1-12 days. Not financial advice and the dataset is small.
Percentile is the rank of today's reading within ~3 years of this symbol's own history. High percentile = wings are rich relative to history; not a directional signal. Skew is read off the chain in real time, not from CBOE SKEW.
Volatility Surface
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility surface.
Volatility Smile
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility smile.
IV Rank (7 DTE)
IV Rank (30 DTE)
Straddle Price (30 DTE)
Beta Analysis
- Beta (1Y vs SPY)
- 0.93
- Correlation (SPY)
- 37.1%
- R²
- 0.14
- Ann. Volatility
- 32.5%
- SPY Volatility
- 13.0%
Moderate volatility - stock generally follows market
Beta & Alpha Over Time
CAE Institutional Ownership (13F)
Latest filings — 2026-09-30
? 13F Guide
Diluted shares outstanding: 322,157,823 (as of 2026-03-31)
Institutional managers with $100M+ AUM file Form 13F-HR quarterly, due 45 days after quarter end. Holdings are reported gross at quarter-end market value — they are a snapshot, not a real-time position.
- Shares — long equity positions in this name, aggregated across share classes.
- Calls / Puts — notional value of long call / put exposure where this ticker is the underlying.
- % of Float — holder's reported shares divided by the latest diluted shares outstanding. Sums above 100% indicate large custodian / prime broker positions where the same shares are reported by multiple filers.
- Custodian badge — filers with more than 5,000 holdings are typically broker-dealers / custodians reporting customer-held shares, not active managers.
Each filer is counted once at its latest 13F-HR filing. New filings are ingested on a weekly cadence.
9 filers$18.72M notional
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Converium Capital Inc. | $8.75M | 46.73% | 2026-06-30 |
| 2 | SIG North Trading, ULC | $6.12M | 32.71% | 2026-06-30 |
| 3 | Polar Asset Management Partners Inc. | $1.91M | 10.21% | 2026-06-30 |
| 4 | PEAK6 LLC | $516.24K | 2.76% | 2026-06-30 |
| 5 | Royal Bank of Canada Custodian | $501.00K | 2.68% | 2026-06-30 |
| 6 | GROUP ONE TRADING LLC Custodian | $393.44K | 2.10% | 2026-06-30 |
| 7 | Murchinson Ltd. | $375.90K | 2.01% | 2026-06-30 |
| 8 | TORONTO DOMINION BANK | $125.06K | 0.67% | 2026-06-30 |
| 9 | Simplex Trading, LLC Custodian | $25.06K | 0.13% | 2026-06-30 |
5 filers$6.27M notional
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CIBC WORLD MARKET INC. | $2.00M | 31.92% | 2026-06-30 |
| 2 | Royal Bank of Canada Custodian | $1.99M | 31.77% | 2026-06-30 |
| 3 | Bank of Montreal Custodian | $1.88M | 29.92% | 2026-06-30 |
| 4 | Murchinson Ltd. | $375.90K | 6.00% | 2026-06-30 |
| 5 | TORONTO DOMINION BANK | $25.01K | 0.40% | 2026-06-30 |
CAE Insider Trading (Form 4)
Latest: 2009-06-09Form 4 filings — insider beneficial-ownership changes by officers, directors, and 10%+ holders. Filed within 2 business days of transaction.
| Filed | Reporter | Role | Action | Shares | Avg Price | Net $ | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-06-09 | Nicholas R Lardy | Director | Award (A) | +2,449 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Michael E Kern | VP-Construction Attachment Div | Grant (A) | +4,911 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Henry W Wessinger II | Director | Award (A) | +2,449 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Kevin Bradford Kreiter | VP-Engineering and Marketing | Grant (A) | +4,911 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Richard Sibert Anderson | Chief Operating Officer | Award (A) | +5,000 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Nancy Wilgenbusch | Director | Award (A) | +2,449 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | James S Osterman | Director | Award (A) | +2,449 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Jeffrey K Nickoloff | Vice President - Corp. Mfg. | Grant (A) | +4,911 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | John A Cushing | Treasurer | Grant (A) | +1,200 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Francis Robert Altenhofen | Vice President - Asia Pacific | Grant (A) | +4,911 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Robert C Warren Jr | President and CEO | Award (A) | +11,000 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Peter D Nickerson | Director | Award (A) | +2,449 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Davide Roncari | Vice President-Europe | Grant (A) | +4,911 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Peter David Drake | Vice President-Americas | Grant (A) | +4,911 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2009-06-09 | Duane Charles McDougall | Director | Award (A) | +2,449 | — | EDGAR |
Codes: P = open-market purchase · S = open-market sale · A = grant/award · M = option exercise · F = tax withholding at vest · G = bona-fide gift · D = disposition to issuer · J = other (described in filing footnote — typically 401(k), trust, inheritance) · W = will/inheritance. Only P / S codes carry directional signal.
CAE Proposed Insider Sales (Form 144)
Latest: 2025-12-15
? Form 144 Guide
Last 30d:
0 filings
· Last 90d:
0 filings
What is Form 144? A notice of intent to sell restricted or control stock under Rule 144. Affiliates (officers, directors, 10%+ owners) and holders of restricted shares must file Form 144 when planning to sell more than 5,000 shares or $50,000 in any 3-month rolling window.
How it relates to Form 4: Form 144 is filed before the trade (up to 90 days in advance); Form 4 is filed within 2 business days after the trade executes. Not every Form 144 results in a sale — the filer may cancel or delay. Look for the corresponding Form 4 on the Insider Activity card to confirm a sale actually happened.
10b5-1 plans: Trades made under a pre-scheduled Rule 10b5-1 plan are not discretionary — they execute automatically on dates set months earlier, regardless of news. High 10b5-1 percentages mean less per-filing signal value, though cumulative selling volume still matters.
"Notice value": Aggregate market value the filer wrote into the Form 144 — i.e. the size of the planned sale, not necessarily the executed dollars. An amended notice (Form 144/A) replaces the original it amends, and cancelled notices are dropped, so neither is double-counted above. A filed value that is clearly inconsistent with the share count at the stock's price (a filer typo) shows as a dash and is left out of the totals.
Source & freshness: Sourced from public Form 144 filings. Refreshed daily; new filings typically appear here the morning after they are filed.
| Filed | Filer | Role | Shares | Notice Value | Planned Sale | Broker | Plan | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-12-15 | Harrison Marianne | Director | 20,000 | $590.2K | 2025-12-15 | RBC CAPITAL MARKETS LLC | — | EDGAR |
Notice value is the aggregate market value the filer states they intend to sell — not a confirmed transaction. Compare to Insider Activity (Form 4) to see which planned sales actually executed. Market-wide feed: Planned sales (Form 144).
ETF Holders
| # | ETF | Provider | Weight | $ Exposure | ETF AUM | As Of |
|---|
Fundamentals
Quarterly filings sourced from SEC 10-Q / 10-K reports. TTM tiles aggregate the most recent four quarters; bars show the last ~12 quarters oldest → newest.
Metrics
- Revenue — top-line sales. Look for consistent YoY growth; seasonal businesses need same-quarter comparisons (Q4 '24 vs Q4 '23).
- Net Income — bottom-line profit after all expenses. Can be volatile from one-time items; red bars = net loss.
- Diluted EPS — net income per share assuming options/converts are exercised. Direct input to the P/E ratio.
- Operating Cash Flow — cash generated from core operations, before capex and financing. Harder to manipulate than net income; growing OCF is a quality signal.
How to read the bars
- Sequential growth — quarter-over-quarter trend. Accelerating bars are a momentum signal.
- YoY growth — compare to the same quarter a year earlier to remove seasonality.
- Quality — OCF should roughly track Net Income over time. Large divergence (net income ≫ OCF) flags accruals risk.
- Margins — scan the bar ratios: Net Income / Revenue tells you margin trend without needing a separate chart.
TTM (trailing-twelve-month) smooths seasonality and is used for the P/E calculation. Filings appear 30–90 days after the period closes.