RLYB Rallybio Corporation Common Stock
XNAS
Stock quote, options chain, IV rank, technicals, AI analysis, and institutional ownership. Iron condor setups Fibonacci levels Insider trading
Market data may be delayed, incomplete, or inaccurate. Not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security. Verify quotes with your broker before trading. See Terms §17.
- Industry (SIC)
- PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS (2834) · industry map
- Exchange
- XNAS
- Market Cap
- $0.1B
- Employees
- 7
- List Date
- 2021-07-29
- CIK
- 0001739410
- Next Earnings
- 2026-11-05
- Headquarters
- New Haven, CT
- Homepage
- https://www.rallybio.com
Rallybio Corp is a clinical-stage biotechnology company comprised of experienced biopharma industry leaders with extensive research, development, and rare disease expertise with a mission to develop and commercialize life-transforming therapies for patients with severe and rare diseases. The company's program, RLYB116, is a differentiated complement component 5 (C5) inhibitor with the potential to treat diseases of complement dysregulation. The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of allocating resources, assessing performance, and making operating decisions. Ral…
Each spoke is this symbol's rank within its sector (0–100; the dotted ring marks the sector median at 50). Higher is more constructive for a long. One spoke — News sentiment — is an absolute reading, not a sector rank. Grayed spokes have no data. A fuller shape is a summary, not a recommendation.
| Month | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | '25 | '26 | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -- | 17.15% | 12.12% | -43.75% | -9.50% | -9.22% | -6.64% |
| Feb | -- | -20.94% | 15.57% | 70.96% | -16.83% | 43.67% | 18.49% |
| Mar | -- | -33.78% | -27.08% | -21.61% | -5.28% | -18.23% | -21.20% |
| Apr | -- | 29.69% | -3.75% | 7.26% | -47.54% | 6.90% | -1.49% |
| May | -- | 45.14% | 33.09% | -12.11% | 2.42% | 53.67% | 24.44% |
| Jun | -- | -44.69% | -25.43% | -13.55% | 18.10% | -5.16% | -14.15% |
| Jul | 20.57% | 23.74% | 1.36% | 2.21% | 40.78% | -0.56% | 14.68% |
| Aug | -26.94% | 21.30% | -11.19% | -12.88% | 0.30% | 5.27% | -4.02% |
| Sep | 33.89% | 32.51% | -37.71% | 6.36% | -10.49% | 3.06% | 4.60% |
| Oct | -8.84% | -35.67% | 33.12% | -8.04% | 34.40% | -0.66%* | 2.38% |
| Nov | -29.25% | -36.14% | -54.85% | 15.84% | -2.54% | -- | -21.39% |
| Dec | -19.43% | 8.77% | 7.17% | -15.04% | 5.91% | -- | -2.52% |
| Total | -38.71% | -43.25% | -67.40% | -47.34% | -20.68% | 78.07% | -23.22% |
Quick-reference for reading the values below. Indicators combine to confirm a view — no single one is a trade signal on its own.
- SMA 20 / 50 / 200 — price above = uptrend, below = downtrend. SMA 50 crossing SMA 200 is the golden/death cross.
- EMA 12 / 26 — faster-reacting averages; 12 above 26 is short-term bullish.
- MACD — bullish when MACD > signal (green badge), bearish when below. Divergence from price often precedes reversals.
- ADX (14) — trend strength regardless of direction. <20 range, 20–25 weak trend, 25–50 trend, >50 strong trend.
- +DI / −DI — +DI > −DI favors bulls; the reverse favors bears. Read alongside ADX.
- RSI (14) — <30 oversold, >70 overbought. 40–60 is neutral; trending names can stay extreme.
- Stochastic %K / %D — <20 oversold, >80 overbought. %K crossing %D is an early momentum signal.
- Williams %R — inverted scale: <−80 oversold, >−20 overbought.
Oscillators work best in range-bound markets; in strong trends they give premature reversal signals.
- Bollinger Bands — price at upper band = overbought, lower = oversold. Narrow bands (squeeze) often precede expansion.
- OBV — cumulative volume; rising OBV confirms uptrend, falling OBV confirms downtrend. Divergence from price is a warning.
- Vol SMA 20 / Vol ROC — today's volume vs. 20-day average. Positive ROC with price move = conviction.
- ATR / True Range — average daily $ move; sizing and stop-loss reference.
- HV 20 / 30 / 60 — realized (historical) volatility. Compare to IV on the options cards: IV > HV = rich premium.
Confluence matters: trend + momentum + volume agreeing carries far more weight than any single indicator. For how these feed the spread scanner score, see the algorithm docs →
Trend Indicators
Momentum Oscillators
Volume & Volatility
Data Summary
LLM Stock Analysis Report: RLYB
Executive Summary
Overall Assessment: NEUTRAL (6/10)
Key Drivers: Recent price action is neutral, with no clear trend or catalysts pushing the stock.
Primary Risks: High volatility and market amplification could lead to increased risk exposure.
Investment Thesis: RLYB's recent price performance suggests a consolidation phase, making it an attractive entry point for traders seeking to capitalize on potential mean reversion or breakout moves. However, the stock's high beta and market correlation imply higher risk, requiring careful position sizing and risk management considerations.
Recent News Sentiment Impact: No recent news available, which may be a positive factor in reducing noise and allowing fundamental analysis to take precedence.
Technical Analysis
Trend Direction: Neutral (short-term), Consolidation (medium-term), Long-term trend unclear
Support/Resistance Levels:
- Upper Bollinger Band: $0.81
- Middle Bollinger Band: $0.72
- Lower Bollinger Band: $0.63
Momentum Signals:
- RSI interpretation: Neutral (44.41), indicating a lack of overbought or oversold conditions.
- MACD signal: Bullish, with a bullish crossover above the signal line.
Volume Analysis: Volume trends and institutional interest signals are neutral, with no clear buying or selling pressure evident.
News & Sentiment Analysis
Recent Headlines Summary: No recent news available.
Sentiment Assessment: Neutral (no recent news).
Catalyst Identification: Earnings release date is most recent earnings: 2025-08-07. Other catalysts, such as product launches or regulatory changes, are not apparent from the provided data.
Risk & Volatility Assessment
Beta Interpretation: High risk relative to market (beta = 1.06).
Volatility Regime: Above average volatility - stock moves with market amplification.
Options Market Signals: No options data available.
Downside Protection: Support levels are present, but the high beta and market correlation imply higher risk exposure.
Market Context & Positioning
Sector Performance: Not applicable (no sector data provided).
Institutional Activity: No clear buying or selling pressure evident from volume trends.
Correlation Analysis: Correlation is relatively low (0.19), indicating some independence from the broader market.
Relative Valuation: The stock's recent price action suggests a consolidation phase, making it an attractive entry point for traders seeking to capitalize on potential mean reversion or breakout moves.
Key Levels & Action Items
- Critical Price Levels: Lower Bollinger Band ($0.63) and SMA 200 ($0.51)
- Breakout/Breakdown Levels: Upper Bollinger Band ($0.81) and EMA 12 ($0.72)
- Time-Sensitive Catalysts: Upcoming earnings release (2025-08-07)
- Risk Management: Monitor volume trends and adjust position sizing accordingly.
By considering the technical, news, and risk analysis, it is clear that RLYB's recent price action suggests a consolidation phase, making it an attractive entry point for traders seeking to capitalize on potential mean reversion or breakout moves. However, the stock's high beta and market correlation imply higher risk exposure, requiring careful position sizing and risk management considerations.
RLYB Options Activity & IV Rank
Each spread is ranked by a composite score built in three stages. Full documentation →
score = P(profit) × (credit / spread_width)
P(profit) from short leg delta (1 − |delta|), penalised above 85%. Credit uses mid-price to handle illiquid chains fairly.
RR and BF (30-delta) from the persisted per-symbol skew snapshot — wing strikes picked by real greeks.delta, not a moneyness proxy. Put skew boosts bull puts, penalises bear calls. High butterfly boosts iron condors. Calendars are skew-neutral.
- RSI <40 bullish / >60 bearish
- MACD crossover + histogram trend
- Price vs SMA 50 & SMA 200
- Stochastic %K <20 / >80
- Williams %R <−80 / >−20
- Blended ATR + straddle expected-move penalty
- Bollinger Band signal (+ counter-trend penalty)
- BB width — vol contraction boost for ICs
- IV rank ≥ 75 → strong boost for credit spreads
- IV rank < 25 → penalty (selling cheap vol)
- Min open interest across all legs
- OI < 100 → −0.10 · OI < 500 → −0.05
score = base_score × skew_multiplier × tech_multiplier
Both multipliers are shown per spread. Beta is informational only — ATR already captures realized vol. Full algorithm documentation →
Enter a ticker to scan for optimal spread opportunities.
Evaluates all bull put, bear call, iron condor, and calendar spread combinations using GPU-accelerated analysis.
IV(put wing) − IV(ATM), in vol pointsHow much the OTM put trades above (or below) the at-the-money strike. Measures the height of the put-side tail relative to ATM — i.e. how expensive crash insurance is on this name.
- Positive (typical) — wing IV > ATM IV. Standard equity put skew: portfolios bid up crash protection, so OTM puts trade richer than ATM.
- Near zero or negative (unusual) — wing IV ≤ ATM IV. Flat or inverted put side. Common when there's no fear demand, in tightly mean-reverting names, or right after an earnings catalyst clears.
- Percentile vs own 3-yr history: high = wings rich (good time to sell wing premium); low = wings cheap (good time to buy protection).
- Not directional — high or low wings don't predict up or down moves. It's a price tag on tail insurance, not a forecast.
IV(call wing) − IV(put wing), equal delta on each sideWhich side of the smile is the market paying up for? Measures the tilt of the surface — call skew vs put skew at matched deltas.
- Negative (typical) — puts richer than calls. Standard equity behavior: hedging demand makes puts carry a premium. Most large-caps sit in the −1 to −5 vol-point range.
- Strongly negative (< −5 pts) — heavy downside hedging, elevated fear, or an upcoming catalyst (earnings, FDA, macro event). Worth flagging.
- Positive — calls richer than puts. Unusual for equities; signals bullish momentum, short-squeeze positioning, or takeover/M&A speculation.
- Near zero — symmetric surface. Market sees roughly equal up/down risk. Rare for large-caps; more common in commodities and FX.
Wing-vs-ATM tells you how expensive the tails are. Risk Reversal tells you which side is favored. Combined:
- High wing percentile + deeply negative RR → strong put bid; stress or major event priced in. Owning protection costs a premium; selling put premium is dangerous.
- Low wing percentile + near-zero RR → complacency; insurance cheap and balanced. Good environment to add cheap downside hedges.
- Positive RR + elevated wings → call-side fear-of-missing-out; common in squeeze setups. Upside calls expensive, downside puts not bid.
Percentile is the rank of today's reading within ~3 years of this symbol's own history. High percentile = wings are rich relative to history; not a directional signal. Skew is read off the chain in real time, not from CBOE SKEW.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility surface.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility smile.
Risk Metrics
Analysis Details
Data Points: 251
Period: 252 trading days
Low volatility - stock moves less than market
| Investor | Value | Share of their portfolio | Rank | Q/Q shares | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viking Global Hedge fund Andreas Halvorsen | $8.4M | #89 of 90 | 0.0% | 13F | |
| Renaissance Technologies Hedge fund Jim Simons | $3.2M | #1702 of 3138 | +27.7% | 13F | |
| Citadel Hedge fund Ken Griffin | $1.2M | #3528 of 6285 | +263.1% | 13F |
Hedge funds, activists, holding companies and family offices we track, from their latest 13F (quarter-end value) and Form 4 filings in the last 3 years. Family offices · all institutions
RLYB Institutional Ownership (13F)
Latest filings — 2026-09-30Institutional managers with $100M+ AUM file Form 13F-HR quarterly, due 45 days after quarter end. Holdings are reported gross at quarter-end market value — they are a snapshot, not a real-time position.
- Shares — long equity positions in this name, aggregated across share classes.
- Calls / Puts — notional value of long call / put exposure where this ticker is the underlying.
- % of Float — holder's reported shares divided by the latest diluted shares outstanding. Sums above 100% indicate large custodian / prime broker positions where the same shares are reported by multiple filers.
- Custodian badge — filers with more than 5,000 holdings are typically broker-dealers / custodians reporting customer-held shares, not active managers.
Each filer is counted once at its latest 13F-HR filing. New filings are ingested on a weekly cadence.
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|
RLYB Insider Trading (Form 4)
Latest: 2026-10-20| Filed | Reporter | Role | Action | Shares | Avg Price | Net $ | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-20 | Helen M Boudreau | Director | Exer (M) | +2,062 | $15.28 | $31.5K | EDGAR |
| 2026-10-20 | Paula Soteropoulos | Director | Exer (M) | +3,562 | $2.38 | $8.5K | EDGAR |
| 2026-10-14 | Robert Lorne Hopfner | Director | Exer (M) | +14,820 | $7.41 | $109.9K | EDGAR |
| 2026-10-13 | Jonathan I Lieber | Chief Financial Officer | Exer (M) | +3,910 | $6.08 | $23.8K | EDGAR |
| 2026-10-08 | Stephen Uden | Chief Executive Officer | Exer (M) | +22,456 | $6.08 | $136.5K | EDGAR |
| 2026-10-01 | Jonathan I Lieber | Chief Financial Officer | Exer (M) | +5,000 | $6.08 | $30.4K | EDGAR |
| 2026-09-28 | Hui Liu | Director | Exer (M) | +12,044 | $6.06 | $72.9K | EDGAR |
| 2026-09-18 | Wendy Chung | Director | Exer (M) | +3,562 | $2.38 | $8.5K | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-10 | Helen M Boudreau | Director | Exer (M) | +3,562 | $2.38 | $8.5K | EDGAR |
| 2026-05-20 | Daniel Schneeberger | 10%+ Owner | Buy (P) | +32,418 | $13.98 | $453.1K | EDGAR |
| 2026-05-15 | ADAR1 Capital Management, LLC | 10%+ Owner | Buy (P) | +159,118 | $13.99 | $2.23M | EDGAR |
| 2026-05-13 | Daniel Schneeberger | 10%+ Owner | Buy (P) | +101,600 | $14.00 | $1.42M | EDGAR |
| 2026-05-06 | ADAR1 Capital Management, LLC | 10%+ Owner | Buy (P) | +311,810 | $13.97 | $4.36M | EDGAR |
| 2026-02-23 | Jonathan I Lieber | Chief Financial Officer | Mixed | +1,711 | $5.06 | -$4.0K | EDGAR |
| 2026-02-20 | Martin Mackay | Director | Grant (A) | +18,055 opt | — | EDGAR |
RLYB Insider Holdings
11 insiders · @ $16.65| # | Insider | Role | Shares | Disclosed Exposure | Lifetime OM Net | Filings | Last Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel Schneeberger | 10%+ Owner | 926,152 | $15.42M | $1.88M | 2 | 2026-05-20 |
| 2 | ADAR1 Capital Management, LLC | 10%+ Owner | 909,843 | $15.15M | $6.58M | 2 | 2026-05-15 |
| 3 | Ronald Hunt | Director | 249,239 | $4.15M | $4.00M | 10 | 2026-02-20 |
| 4 | Robert Lorne Hopfner | Director | 220,994 | $3.68M | $7.50M | 8 | 2026-10-14 |
| 5 | Stephen Uden | Chief Executive Officer | 115,620 | $1.93M | $98.5K | 6 | 2026-10-08 |
| 6 | Martin Mackay | Executive Chairman | 89,329 | $1.49M | $103.5K | 7 | 2026-02-20 |
| 7 | Jonathan I Lieber | Chief Financial Officer | 13,650 | $227.3K | $22.1K | 7 | 2026-10-13 |
| 8 | Hui Liu | Director | 12,044 | $200.5K | $0 | 8 | 2026-09-28 |
| 9 | Helen M Boudreau | Director | 8,604 | $143.3K | $0 | 6 | 2026-10-20 |
| 10 | Paula Soteropoulos | Director | 6,544 | $109.0K | $0 | 6 | 2026-10-20 |
RLYB Board & Officers
As of SEC filings through Oct 20, 2026Directors 9
- Helen M Boudreau · since Jul 29, 2021
- Martin Mackay · since Jul 29, 2021
- Paula Soteropoulos · since Jul 29, 2021
- Robert Lorne Hopfner · since Jul 29, 2021
- Ronald Hunt · since Jul 29, 2021
- Christine A Nash · since Apr 4, 2022
- Hui Liu · since Apr 4, 2022
- Wendy Chung · since Aug 1, 2022
- Stephen Uden · listed since Feb 2024
Officers 2
- Stephen Uden · Chief Executive Officer · listed since Feb 2024
- Jonathan I Lieber · Chief Financial Officer · listed since Feb 2024
10% owners 3
- ADAR1 Capital Management, LLC (entity) · since May 4, 2026
- Daniel Schneeberger · since May 4, 2026
- Fmr LLC (entity) · listed since Mar 2026
Changes in the last 10 years (49)
| May 4, 2026 | Daniel Schneeberger became a 10% owner |
| May 4, 2026 | ADAR1 Capital Management, LLC became a 10% owner |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Fmr LLC first listed as a 10% owner in an SEC filing |
| Jun 25, 2025 | The company announced the departure of Steven Ryder as Chief Medical Officer in an SEC filing |
| Sep 16, 2024 | The company announced the departure of Kush Parmar from the board in an SEC filing |
| Feb 16, 2024 | Stephen Uden listed as Chief Executive Officer (previously Chief Operating Officer & Chief Scientific Officer) in SEC filings |
| Feb 16, 2024 | Stephen Uden first listed as a director in an SEC filing |
| Feb 16, 2024 | Jonathan I Lieber listed as Chief Financial Officer (previously Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer) in SEC filings |
| Jun 28, 2023 | The company announced the departure of Martin Mackay as Chief Executive Officer in an SEC filing |
| Mar 9, 2023 | Scott M Rocklage reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Mar 9, 2023 | Andrew J. Schwab reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Mar 9, 2023 | 5AM Ventures V, L.P. reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Mar 9, 2023 | 5AM Partners V, LLC reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Feb 1, 2023 | Jonathan I Lieber became Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer |
| Jan 5, 2023 | Kush Parmar no longer listed as a 10% owner in SEC filings |
| Nov 17, 2022 | Viking Global Opportunities Parent GP LLC first on file as a 10% owner |
| Aug 1, 2022 | Wendy Chung became a director |
| Jun 2, 2022 | The company announced the departure of Jeffrey M Fryer as Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer in an SEC filing |
| May 25, 2022 | Kush Parmar first listed as a 10% owner in an SEC filing |
| Apr 4, 2022 | Hui Liu became a director |
| Apr 4, 2022 | Christine A Nash became a director |
| Apr 1, 2022 | The company announced the departure of Timothy M Shannon from the board in an SEC filing |
| Aug 4, 2021 | Kush Parmar no longer listed as a 10% owner in SEC filings |
| Aug 2, 2021 | Rose Sharon Shabet first on file as a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Viking Global Opportunities Portfolio GP LLC became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Viking Global Opportunities Illiquid Investments Sub-Master LP became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Viking Global Opportunities GP LLC became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Viking Global Investors LP became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Timothy M Shannon became a director |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Steven Ryder became Chief Medical Officer |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Stephen Uden became Chief Operating Officer & Chief Scientific Officer |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Scott M Rocklage became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Ronald Hunt became a director |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Robert Lorne Hopfner became a director |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Paula Soteropoulos became a director |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Ole Andreas Halvorsen became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Martin Mackay became a director |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Martin Mackay became Chief Executive Officer |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Lucian Iancovici became a director |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Kush Parmar became a director |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Kush Parmar became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Jeffrey M Fryer became Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Helen M Boudreau became a director |
| Jul 29, 2021 | David C. Ott became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Andrew J. Schwab became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | 5AM Ventures V, L.P. became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | 5AM Partners V, LLC became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | 5AM Opportunities I, L.P. became a 10% owner |
| Jul 29, 2021 | 5AM Opportunities I (GP), LLC became a 10% owner |
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Not reported recently (11)
- Lucian Iancovici · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated May 17, 2023
- Viking Global Opportunities GP LLC · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Nov 17, 2022
- Ole Andreas Halvorsen · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Nov 17, 2022
- Viking Global Opportunities Portfolio GP LLC · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Nov 17, 2022
- David C. Ott · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Nov 17, 2022
- Viking Global Investors LP · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Nov 17, 2022
- Viking Global Opportunities Illiquid Investments Sub-Master LP · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Nov 17, 2022
- Rose Sharon Shabet · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Nov 17, 2022
- Viking Global Opportunities Parent GP LLC · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Nov 17, 2022
- 5AM Opportunities I, L.P. · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Jun 7, 2022
- 5AM Opportunities I (GP), LLC · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Jun 7, 2022
| # | ETF | Provider | Weight | $ Exposure | ETF AUM | As Of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VTI Vanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF | Vanguard | 0.00% | $2.3M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 2 | VXF Vanguard Extended Market ETF | Vanguard | 0.00% | $635,385 | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 3 | IWC iShares Micro-Cap ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.02% | $192,758 | $1.2B | 2026-10-23 |
| 4 | DFAS Dimensional US Small Cap ETF | Dimensional | 0.00% | $111,072 | — | 2026-10-23 |
| 5 | DFMC Dimensional US Micro Cap ETF | Dimensional | 0.00% | $98,026 | — | 2026-10-23 |
| 6 | AVSC Avantis U.S. Small Cap Equity ETF | Avantis | 0.00% | $25,992 | $3.2B | 2026-10-23 |
| 7 | DXUV Dimensional US Vector Equity ETF | Dimensional | 0.00% | $11,964 | — | 2026-10-23 |
| 8 | DCOR Dimensional US Core Equity 1 ETF | Dimensional | 0.00% | $11,382 | — | 2026-10-23 |
| 9 | DFAC Dimensional US Core Equity 2 ETF | Dimensional | 0.00% | $9,618 | — | 2026-10-23 |
Quarterly filings sourced from SEC 10-Q / 10-K reports. TTM tiles aggregate the most recent four quarters; bars show the last ~12 quarters oldest → newest.
- Revenue — top-line sales. Look for consistent YoY growth; seasonal businesses need same-quarter comparisons (Q4 '24 vs Q4 '23).
- Net Income — bottom-line profit after all expenses. Can be volatile from one-time items; red bars = net loss.
- Diluted EPS — net income per share assuming options/converts are exercised. Direct input to the P/E ratio.
- Operating Cash Flow — cash generated from core operations, before capex and financing. Harder to manipulate than net income; growing OCF is a quality signal.
- Sequential growth — quarter-over-quarter trend. Accelerating bars are a momentum signal.
- YoY growth — compare to the same quarter a year earlier to remove seasonality.
- Quality — OCF should roughly track Net Income over time. Large divergence (net income ≫ OCF) flags accruals risk.
- Margins — scan the bar ratios: Net Income / Revenue tells you margin trend without needing a separate chart.
TTM (trailing-twelve-month) smooths seasonality and is used for the P/E calculation. Filings appear 30–90 days after the period closes.