VMC Vulcan Materials Company(Holding Company)
XNYS
263.44
Delayed
Stock quote, options chain, IV rank, technicals, AI analysis, and institutional ownership. Iron condor setups Expected move IV rank history Fibonacci levels Insider trading
Market data may be delayed, incomplete, or inaccurate. Not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security. Verify quotes with your broker before trading. See Terms §17.
- 52-Week Range
- $237.03 – $331.09
- YTD
- -9.98%
- IV Rank (30D)
- 68.02
- Straddle Price
- $18.75
- P/C Vol Ratio
- 0.64
- Market Cap
- $34.0B
- Open
- $261.97
- Day Range
- $261.05 – $265.14
- Volume
- 230,962
- Prev Close
- $262.50
A blended fair-value estimate combining up to six valuation methods. Each method is weighted by how well it fits the company — DCF down-weights for unprofitable names; DDM only fires for steady dividend payers; comparables down-weight when peer multiples disagree.
- DCF (quality-aware) — projects free cash flow with a horizon that scales to business quality. True compounders (quality 6/6) get 10 years explicit + 10 years fade before terminal; cyclical/struggling names (quality 0-1) get a 5-year terminal cliff. Quality is scored from ROE, gross margin, growth, FCF margin, debt load, and FCF consistency — the same factors that drive market premium for compounders.
- Market-Implied Growth (in Model Inputs) — reverse-DCF that answers "what growth rate is the market pricing in?". Lets you sanity-check the deviation: if implied growth is plausible for the business, the model's bearish flag may be wrong; if implausible, the market may be over-extrapolating.
- DDM (Gordon Growth Dividend Model) — values the stream of future dividends. Only used when trailing yield ≥ 2% and dividend payments are stable — below that the dividend is a token payout and Gordon (which values only the dividend stream) systematically underprices growth names, so those route to DCF + comparables + market anchor instead.
- P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/B, P/S — applies the peer-group median multiple to this company's per-share metric. Peers come from the same set as the "Related symbols" card. Earnings/sales metrics are forward-tilted by the company's recent revenue growth (capped at 25%) so they're comparable to peers' growth-embedded multiples — mimics how analysts use NTM rather than TTM. Per-multiple weights are biased by company quality (e.g. P/B down-weighted for asset-light tech).
- Market Anchor (SMA50) — the 50-day moving average, weighted by recent trading-range stability (tighter Bollinger bands → higher weight). Captures information fundamentals miss (forward consensus, sentiment, supply/demand) — but only when recent trading is steady enough that the market has converged on a view. During wild breakouts or breakdowns the anchor's weight collapses.
- Options Expected (B-L 30d) — the risk-neutral expected stock price at 30-day options expiration, derived from the full implied-volatility surface via Breeden-Litzenberger (second derivative of call price wrt strike → implied PDF, then E[S_T]). Forward-looking, captures all options-implied information (smile, skew, term structure) in one number. Weighted by chain liquidity. SP500-only at present (pre-computed daily). Backtest evidence: adds modest alpha across most bucket × holding combos.
- Blended value — weighted average. Confidence reflects how many methods fired and how tight peer dispersion is.
- Deviation pill — green when blended FV ≥ 10% above current price (undervalued); red when ≥ 10% below; grey otherwise.
| 10-yr Treasury (rf) | 5.00% |
| Beta vs SPY | 0.88 |
| Cost of Equity (CAPM) | 9.38% (VRP-adj) |
| WACC | 9.00% |
| Volatility Risk Premium | +35.9pp (IV − HV30) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 22.2% |
| Rev. Growth (YoY, DCF input) | -10.0% |
| DCF Horizon | 5 years explicit + fade |
| Free Cash Flow (TTM) | $1.0B |
| Return on Equity (TTM) | 13.2% |
| Book / Price | 24.4% |
| Gross Margin (TTM) | 27.7% |
| FCF Margin (TTM) | 12.7% |
| Debt / Equity | 0.51 |
| Quality Score | 1/6 — cyclical/struggling (5y DCF) |
| Market-Implied Growth | +24.3% (reverse-DCF on current price) |
| SMA 50 | $255.56 (Market Anchor value) |
| SMA 20 / Bollinger Mid | $252.00 |
| Bollinger Width / SMA20 | 5.5% (drives anchor stability) |
| Net Debt | $4.2B |
| Market Cap | $35B |
| Method | Implied Price | Weight | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| DCF | $37.75 | 19% | |
| DDM (Gordon) | $11.94 | 0% | |
| Peer P/E | $170.47 | 6% | median 20.3× · 7 peers |
| Peer EV/EBITDA | $224.11 | 6% | median 14.2× · 8 peers |
| Peer P/B | $212.81 | 6% | median 3.3× · 8 peers |
| Peer P/S | $241.40 | 6% | median 4.0× · 8 peers |
| Market Anchor (SMA50) | $255.56 | 38% | stability 100% (BB-width) |
| Options Expected (B-L 30d) | $261.67 | 19% | 24 strikes · skew -0.61 |

- Industry (SIC)
- MINING & QUARRYING OF NONMETALLIC MINERALS (NO FUELS) (1400) · industry map
- Exchange
- XNYS
- Market Cap
- $34.0B
- Employees
- 11,172
- List Date
- 1957-01-02
- CIK
- 0001396009
- Next Earnings
- 2026-10-29 (Pre-Market)
- EPS Forecast
- $2.86 (8 est.)
- Headquarters
- Birmingham, AL
- Homepage
- https://www.vulcanmaterials.com
Vulcan Materials is the largest producer of construction aggregates in the US. The company produced around 228 million tons of aggregates in 2025 and has 16.6 billion tons of proven and probable reserves, equivalent to roughly 83 years of supply at current production levels. Over the past several years, Vulcan has increasingly focused its portfolio on aggregates while reducing its exposure to downstream businesses such as ready-mix concrete and asphalt. The company operates across 23 US states, with additional operations in Mexico.
Each spoke is this symbol's rank within its sector (0–100; the dotted ring marks the sector median at 50). Higher is more constructive for a long. One spoke — News sentiment — is an absolute reading, not a sector rank. Grayed spokes have no data. A fuller shape is a summary, not a recommendation.
| Month | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | '25 | '26 | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.78% | -8.46% | 4.11% | 1.08% | 7.27% | 2.70% | 1.41% |
| Feb | 9.86% | -5.20% | -1.62% | 15.41% | -8.80% | 1.33% | 1.83% |
| Mar | -1.87% | 5.31% | -4.67% | 2.05% | -2.70% | -11.07% | -2.16% |
| Apr | 7.12% | -6.46% | 1.27% | -4.47% | 10.56% | 7.71% | 2.62% |
| May | 2.03% | -4.16% | 10.13% | -1.52% | 0.55% | -4.84% | 0.37% |
| Jun | -5.20% | -13.64% | 13.40% | -1.39% | -0.97% | 4.78% | -0.50% |
| Jul | 3.54% | 16.05% | -1.27% | 12.63% | 3.78% | -8.75% | 4.33% |
| Aug | 3.54% | 0.99% | -2.55% | -9.56% | 5.90% | -4.94% | -1.10% |
| Sep | -8.98% | -5.12% | -9.38% | 4.77% | 5.17% | -5.80% | -3.22% |
| Oct | 9.93% | 2.06% | -2.21% | 10.68% | -4.02% | 7.95%* | 4.07% |
| Nov | 1.85% | 11.25% | 4.79% | 6.56% | 3.01% | -- | 5.49% |
| Dec | 9.84% | -4.74% | 5.28% | -10.39% | -2.27% | -- | -0.46% |
| Total | 36.43% | -14.90% | 16.16% | 24.57% | 17.04% | -12.33% | 11.16% |
Quick-reference for reading the values below. Indicators combine to confirm a view — no single one is a trade signal on its own.
- SMA 20 / 50 / 200 — price above = uptrend, below = downtrend. SMA 50 crossing SMA 200 is the golden/death cross.
- EMA 12 / 26 — faster-reacting averages; 12 above 26 is short-term bullish.
- MACD — bullish when MACD > signal (green badge), bearish when below. Divergence from price often precedes reversals.
- ADX (14) — trend strength regardless of direction. <20 range, 20–25 weak trend, 25–50 trend, >50 strong trend.
- +DI / −DI — +DI > −DI favors bulls; the reverse favors bears. Read alongside ADX.
- RSI (14) — <30 oversold, >70 overbought. 40–60 is neutral; trending names can stay extreme.
- Stochastic %K / %D — <20 oversold, >80 overbought. %K crossing %D is an early momentum signal.
- Williams %R — inverted scale: <−80 oversold, >−20 overbought.
Oscillators work best in range-bound markets; in strong trends they give premature reversal signals.
- Bollinger Bands — price at upper band = overbought, lower = oversold. Narrow bands (squeeze) often precede expansion.
- OBV — cumulative volume; rising OBV confirms uptrend, falling OBV confirms downtrend. Divergence from price is a warning.
- Vol SMA 20 / Vol ROC — today's volume vs. 20-day average. Positive ROC with price move = conviction.
- ATR / True Range — average daily $ move; sizing and stop-loss reference.
- HV 20 / 30 / 60 — realized (historical) volatility. Compare to IV on the options cards: IV > HV = rich premium.
Confluence matters: trend + momentum + volume agreeing carries far more weight than any single indicator. For how these feed the spread scanner score, see the algorithm docs →
Trend Indicators
Momentum Oscillators
Volume & Volatility
Data Summary
Here is the stock analysis report for VMC based on the provided data:
Executive Summary
Overall assessment: NEUTRAL with confidence level (6/10)
Key drivers and primary risks:
- Technical indicators suggest a range-bound market, with medium-term trends indicating a neutral sentiment.
- Recent news headlines are mixed, with both positive and negative sentiments present.
- Risk metrics indicate low volatility, which is consistent with the stock's historical performance.
Investment thesis: VMC is a stable stock with moderate growth potential. The recent price action suggests a consolidation phase, making it an attractive entry point for long-term investors.
Recent news sentiment impact: The mixed news headlines and neutral technical indicators suggest that recent market movements are driven by a combination of factors, rather than a single catalyst. This makes VMC a more stable investment option.
Technical Analysis
Trend Direction: Short-term (1-4 weeks): Neutral Medium-term (1-3 months): Bullish Long-term (3-12 months): Bullish
Support/Resistance Levels: Key price levels include the SMA 20 ($292.08) and the Bollinger Band Middle Line ($292.08). The stock is currently trading near these levels, suggesting a potential consolidation phase.
Momentum Signals:
- RSI interpretation: Neutral (58.69)
- MACD signal: Bullish (3.95 / Signal: 0.67 / Histogram: 3.28)
- Bollinger Bands position: Squeeze
Volume Analysis: Volume trends indicate a moderate increase in trading activity, with the volume rate of change suggesting a slight uptrend.
News & Sentiment Analysis
Recent Headlines Summary: The recent news headlines are mixed, with both positive and negative sentiments present. The overall sentiment is neutral, suggesting that the market is driven by a combination of factors rather than a single catalyst.
Sentiment Assessment: Aggregate news sentiment is Neutral (2/5).
Catalyst Identification: No specific catalysts are identified from recent news headlines, as the market appears to be driven by a combination of factors.
Market Narrative: The mixed news headlines and neutral technical indicators suggest that VMC is in a consolidation phase, making it an attractive entry point for long-term investors.
Risk & Volatility Assessment
Beta Interpretation: Beta: 0.79 (vs SPY) Interpretation: Low risk - stock moves less than market
Volatility Regime: Current volatility levels are low compared to historical norms.
Options Market Signals:
- IV Rank: 57.9% (Medium - shows if volatility is historically high/low)
- Current IV: 68.3%
- Expected Move: $13.55 (13 DTE), 7-DTE: $13.55
Downside Protection: Support levels include the SMA 20 ($292.08) and the Bollinger Band Middle Line ($292.08).
Market Context & Positioning
Sector Performance: VMC is a stable stock in a consolidating market, with moderate growth potential.
Institutional Activity: Volume patterns suggest institutional interest, but no specific buying or selling activity is identified from recent data.
Correlation Analysis: R-squared interpretation: 0.41 (low correlation - stock moves independently)
Relative Valuation: Position within trading range, making it an attractive entry point for long-term investors.
Key Levels & Action Items
Critical Price Levels:
- SMA 20 ($292.08)
- Bollinger Band Middle Line ($292.08)
Breakout/Breakdown Levels: No specific levels are identified as potential breakout or breakdown points.
Time-Sensitive Catalysts: No specific catalysts are identified from recent news headlines, but the market appears to be driven by a combination of factors.
Risk Management: Stop-loss levels should be set near the SMA 20 ($292.08) and Bollinger Band Middle Line ($292.08), with position sizing considerations based on individual risk tolerance.
Please note that this is just an example analysis, and actual results may vary depending on the specific stock and market conditions.
| Earnings Date | Timing | Expected Move | Actual Move | Ratio | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-05-04 | Pre-Market | 5.34% | 5.30% | 0.99x | Within |
| 2021-08-04 | Pre-Market | 5.47% | 0.66% | 0.12x | Within |
| 2021-11-04 | Pre-Market | 5.28% | 0.52% | 0.10x | Within |
| 2022-02-16 | Pre-Market | 4.12% | 1.38% | 0.33x | Within |
| 2022-05-04 | Pre-Market | 6.84% | 4.80% | 0.70x | Within |
| 2022-08-04 | Pre-Market | 6.39% | 2.51% | 0.39x | Within |
| 2022-11-02 | Pre-Market | 4.73% | 1.14% | 0.24x | Within |
| 2023-02-16 | Pre-Market | 3.94% | 5.16% | 1.31x | Exceeded |
| 2023-05-04 | Pre-Market | 5.09% | 6.50% | 1.28x | Exceeded |
| 2023-08-03 | Pre-Market | 5.16% | 1.39% | 0.27x | Within |
| 2023-10-26 | Pre-Market | 6.66% | 4.62% | 0.69x | Within |
| 2024-02-16 | Pre-Market | 3.55% | 5.23% | 1.47x | Exceeded |
| 2024-05-02 | Pre-Market | 5.16% | 1.80% | 0.35x | Within |
| 2024-08-06 | Pre-Market | 6.72% | 4.39% | 0.65x | Within |
| 2024-10-30 | Pre-Market | 6.20% | 6.43% | 1.04x | Exceeded |
| 2025-02-18 | unknown | 2.13% | 2.86% | 1.34x | Exceeded |
| 2025-04-30 | Pre-Market | 6.79% | 6.92% | 1.02x | Exceeded |
| 2025-07-31 | Pre-Market | 5.68% | 0.70% | 0.12x | Within |
| 2025-10-30 | Pre-Market | 6.76% | 1.68% | 0.25x | Within |
| 2026-02-17 | Pre-Market | 4.83% | 7.27% | 1.51x | Exceeded |
| 2026-04-29 | Pre-Market | 6.78% | 1.59% | 0.23x | Within |
| 2026-07-29 | Pre-Market | 7.71% | 1.56% | 0.20x | Within |
Earnings calendar: this week’s reports with expected vs actual moves →
VMC Options Activity & IV Rank
VMC IV rank history, 52-week IV rank and IV percentile →
Volatility Metrics
Options Flow
ATM Options Pricing
Chain Summary
Each spread is ranked by a composite score built in three stages. Full documentation →
score = P(profit) × (credit / spread_width)
P(profit) from short leg delta (1 − |delta|), penalised above 85%. Credit uses mid-price to handle illiquid chains fairly.
RR and BF (30-delta) from the persisted per-symbol skew snapshot — wing strikes picked by real greeks.delta, not a moneyness proxy. Put skew boosts bull puts, penalises bear calls. High butterfly boosts iron condors. Calendars are skew-neutral.
- RSI <40 bullish / >60 bearish
- MACD crossover + histogram trend
- Price vs SMA 50 & SMA 200
- Stochastic %K <20 / >80
- Williams %R <−80 / >−20
- Blended ATR + straddle expected-move penalty
- Bollinger Band signal (+ counter-trend penalty)
- BB width — vol contraction boost for ICs
- IV rank ≥ 75 → strong boost for credit spreads
- IV rank < 25 → penalty (selling cheap vol)
- Min open interest across all legs
- OI < 100 → −0.10 · OI < 500 → −0.05
score = base_score × skew_multiplier × tech_multiplier
Both multipliers are shown per spread. Beta is informational only — ATR already captures realized vol. Full algorithm documentation →
Enter a ticker to scan for optimal spread opportunities.
Evaluates all bull put, bear call, iron condor, and calendar spread combinations using GPU-accelerated analysis.
Estimated net dealer gamma is at the 63rd percentile of this name's own daily history, within its typical range. This describes current positioning; it is not a forecast or a trading signal.
Net dealer gamma is an estimate of the aggregate gamma held by options market makers across this name's option chain, weighted by open interest. Dealer positions aren't public, so it uses a standard simplifying assumption: dealers are treated as long the calls and short the puts that are open. Actual dealer books can differ.
Gamma percentile ranks today's estimate against this name's own daily history, from 0% (the lowest reading on record) to 100% (the highest). Raw gamma scales with how much open interest a chain carries, so it isn't comparable across names; the percentile is. The badge marks the bottom 20% as low and the top 20% as high.
Tilts run from −1 to +1 and show how lopsided the estimated dealer exposure is. GEX tilt compares call gamma with put gamma. Vanna tilt describes how the hedge would shift if implied volatility changed, and charm tilt how it would shift with the passage of time.
This card describes estimated positioning and where it sits historically. It is not a forecast of price direction or volatility and not a trading signal. Market-wide view: Dealer positioning screener.
IV(put wing) − IV(ATM), in vol pointsHow much the OTM put trades above (or below) the at-the-money strike. Measures the height of the put-side tail relative to ATM — i.e. how expensive crash insurance is on this name.
- Positive (typical) — wing IV > ATM IV. Standard equity put skew: portfolios bid up crash protection, so OTM puts trade richer than ATM.
- Near zero or negative (unusual) — wing IV ≤ ATM IV. Flat or inverted put side. Common when there's no fear demand, in tightly mean-reverting names, or right after an earnings catalyst clears.
- Percentile vs own 3-yr history: high = wings rich (good time to sell wing premium); low = wings cheap (good time to buy protection).
- Not directional — high or low wings don't predict up or down moves. It's a price tag on tail insurance, not a forecast.
IV(call wing) − IV(put wing), equal delta on each sideWhich side of the smile is the market paying up for? Measures the tilt of the surface — call skew vs put skew at matched deltas.
- Negative (typical) — puts richer than calls. Standard equity behavior: hedging demand makes puts carry a premium. Most large-caps sit in the −1 to −5 vol-point range.
- Strongly negative (< −5 pts) — heavy downside hedging, elevated fear, or an upcoming catalyst (earnings, FDA, macro event). Worth flagging.
- Positive — calls richer than puts. Unusual for equities; signals bullish momentum, short-squeeze positioning, or takeover/M&A speculation.
- Near zero — symmetric surface. Market sees roughly equal up/down risk. Rare for large-caps; more common in commodities and FX.
Wing-vs-ATM tells you how expensive the tails are. Risk Reversal tells you which side is favored. Combined:
- High wing percentile + deeply negative RR → strong put bid; stress or major event priced in. Owning protection costs a premium; selling put premium is dangerous.
- Low wing percentile + near-zero RR → complacency; insurance cheap and balanced. Good environment to add cheap downside hedges.
- Positive RR + elevated wings → call-side fear-of-missing-out; common in squeeze setups. Upside calls expensive, downside puts not bid.
Percentile is the rank of today's reading within ~3 years of this symbol's own history. High percentile = wings are rich relative to history; not a directional signal. Skew is read off the chain in real time, not from CBOE SKEW.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility surface.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility smile.
Risk Metrics
Analysis Details
Data Points: 251
Period: 252 trading days
Moderate volatility - stock generally follows market
| Investor | Value | Share of their portfolio | Rank | Q/Q shares | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citadel Hedge fund Ken Griffin | $39.0M | #806 of 6285 | -74.0% | 13F | |
| Bridgewater Associates Hedge fund Ray Dalio | $32.1M | #125 of 997 | new | 13F | |
| Rockefeller Capital Management Family office Rockefeller family | $8.1M | #797 of 4729 | +6.2% | 13F | |
| Millennium Management Hedge fund Izzy Englander | $6.8M | #1848 of 3716 | +2.0% | 13F | |
| Renaissance Technologies Hedge fund Jim Simons | $674K | #2490 of 3138 | -98.7% | 13F |
Hedge funds, activists, holding companies and family offices we track, from their latest 13F (quarter-end value) and Form 4 filings in the last 3 years. Family offices · all institutions
VMC Institutional Ownership (13F)
Latest filings — 2026-09-30Institutional managers with $100M+ AUM file Form 13F-HR quarterly, due 45 days after quarter end. Holdings are reported gross at quarter-end market value — they are a snapshot, not a real-time position.
- Shares — long equity positions in this name, aggregated across share classes.
- Calls / Puts — notional value of long call / put exposure where this ticker is the underlying.
- % of Float — holder's reported shares divided by the latest diluted shares outstanding. Sums above 100% indicate large custodian / prime broker positions where the same shares are reported by multiple filers.
- Custodian badge — filers with more than 5,000 holdings are typically broker-dealers / custodians reporting customer-held shares, not active managers.
Each filer is counted once at its latest 13F-HR filing. New filings are ingested on a weekly cadence.
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Susquehanna International Group, LLP Custodian | $41.18M | 39.37% | 2026-06-30 |
| 2 | Jane Street Group, LLC Custodian | $28.11M | 26.87% | 2026-06-30 |
| 3 | Citadel Advisors LLC Custodian | $12.54M | 11.99% | 2026-06-30 |
| 4 | Wolverine Trading, LLC Custodian | $5.91M | 5.65% | 2025-09-30 |
| 5 | PEAK6 LLC | $4.37M | 4.17% | 2026-06-30 |
| 6 | Twin Tree Management, LP | $4.28M | 4.09% | 2026-06-30 |
| 7 | Cubist Systematic Strategies, LLC | $2.71M | 2.59% | 2025-09-30 |
| 8 | Walleye Trading LLC | $1.98M | 1.89% | 2026-06-30 |
| 9 | Millennium Management LLC Custodian | $1.33M | 1.27% | 2026-06-30 |
| 10 | Wells Fargo & Company Custodian | $737.52K | 0.70% | 2026-06-30 |
| 11 | Capula Management Ltd | $649.02K | 0.62% | 2026-06-30 |
| 12 | TUDOR INVESTMENT CORP ET AL | $354.01K | 0.34% | 2026-06-30 |
| 13 | Squarepoint Ops LLC | $206.51K | 0.20% | 2026-06-30 |
| 14 | Point72 Asset Management, L.P. | $177.01K | 0.17% | 2026-06-30 |
| 15 | Walleye Capital LLC | $88.50K | 0.08% | 2026-06-30 |
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jane Street Group, LLC Custodian | $12.86M | 34.53% | 2026-06-30 |
| 2 | Susquehanna International Group, LLP Custodian | $5.40M | 14.49% | 2026-06-30 |
| 3 | Cubist Systematic Strategies, LLC | $3.66M | 9.83% | 2025-09-30 |
| 4 | Millennium Management LLC Custodian | $3.10M | 8.31% | 2026-06-30 |
| 5 | Citadel Advisors LLC Custodian | $2.74M | 7.36% | 2026-06-30 |
| 6 | Walleye Trading LLC | $2.57M | 6.89% | 2026-06-30 |
| 7 | ExodusPoint Capital Management, LP | $2.44M | 6.55% | 2026-06-30 |
| 8 | Twin Tree Management, LP | $1.24M | 3.33% | 2026-06-30 |
| 9 | Wolverine Trading, LLC Custodian | $1.06M | 2.85% | 2025-09-30 |
| 10 | Wells Fargo & Company Custodian | $737.52K | 1.98% | 2026-06-30 |
| 11 | Capula Management Ltd | $708.02K | 1.90% | 2026-06-30 |
| 12 | TUDOR INVESTMENT CORP ET AL | $295.01K | 0.79% | 2026-06-30 |
| 13 | Point72 Asset Management, L.P. | $206.51K | 0.55% | 2026-06-30 |
| 14 | Squarepoint Ops LLC | $206.51K | 0.55% | 2026-06-30 |
| 15 | Walleye Capital LLC | $29.50K | 0.08% | 2026-06-30 |
VMC Insider Trading (Form 4)
Latest: 2026-08-25| Filed | Reporter | Role | Action | Shares | Avg Price | Net $ | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-25 | J Thomas Hill | Director | Sell (S) | −14,000 | $276.17 | -$3.87M | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-14 | J Thomas Hill | Director | Mixed | +31,694 | $210.56 | -$7.27M | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-10 | David P Clement | Senior Vice President | Sell (S) | −2,000 | $285.10 | -$570.2K | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-14 | Mary Andrews Carlisle | SVP and CFO | Grant (A) | +5,243 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-06-16 | David P Clement | Senior Vice President | Sell (S) | −2,212 | $292.29 | -$646.5K | EDGAR |
| 2026-06-15 | Lee J Styslinger III | Director | Grant (A) | +228 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-06-15 | Melissa H. Anderson | Director | Grant (A) | +228 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-06-15 | Thomas A Fanning | Director | Grant (A) | +301 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-06-15 | Grayson Hall | Director | Exer (M) | +655 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-06-15 | Kathleen L Quirk | Director | Grant (A) | +319 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-06-15 | Lydia H Kennard | Director | Exer (M) | +655 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-06-15 | David P Steiner | Director | Grant (A) | +301 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-05-12 | Thomas A Fanning | Director | Grant (A) | +617 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-05-12 | Melissa H. Anderson | Director | Grant (A) | +617 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-05-12 | Cynthia Lynn Hostetler | Director | Grant (A) | +617 RSU | — | EDGAR |
VMC Insider Holdings
16 insiders · @ $263.62| # | Insider | Role | Shares | Disclosed Exposure | Lifetime OM Net | Filings | Last Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stanley G Bass | Chief Strategy Officer | 35,764 | $9.43M | -$17.10M | 50 | 2026-02-24 |
| 2 | Ronnie A Pruitt | Chief Executive Officer | 20,916 | $5.51M | $0 | 11 | 2026-02-24 |
| 3 | Jerry F Perkins Jr | Chief Administrative Officer | 19,971 | $5.26M | -$2.75M | 27 | 2026-02-24 |
| 4 | Denson N. Franklin III | SVP, Gen. Counsel & Secretary | 15,768 | $4.16M | -$1.89M | 16 | 2026-02-17 |
| 5 | David P Clement | Senior Vice President | 6,716 | $1.77M | -$9.12M | 58 | 2026-08-10 |
| 6 | David P Steiner | Director | 5,000 | $1.32M | $465.0K | 29 | 2026-06-15 |
| 7 | Lee J Styslinger III | Director | 4,001 | $1.05M | $190.0K | 39 | 2026-06-15 |
| 8 | Richard T Obrien | Director | 3,201 | $843.8K | $0 | 21 | 2026-05-12 |
| 9 | George Willis | Director | 3,201 | $843.8K | $0 | 11 | 2026-05-12 |
| 10 | Mary Andrews Carlisle | SVP and CFO | 2,144 | $565.3K | $0 | 11 | 2026-07-14 |
VMC Board & Officers
As of SEC filings through Aug 25, 2026Directors 12
- Richard T Obrien · since Oct 10, 2008
- James T Prokopanko · since Dec 11, 2009
- Lee J Styslinger III · since Mar 7, 2013
- Grayson Hall · since Mar 10, 2014
- Cynthia Lynn Hostetler · since Jul 11, 2014
- J Thomas Hill · listed since Nov 2014
- Thomas A Fanning · since Feb 13, 2015
- David P Steiner · since Feb 10, 2017
- Kathleen L Quirk · since Oct 13, 2017
- Melissa H. Anderson · since Oct 11, 2019
- George Willis · since Mar 11, 2020
- Lydia H Kennard · since Jul 11, 2022
Officers 11
- Ronnie A Pruitt · Chief Executive Officer · listed since Feb 2026
- Randy L. Pigg · Vice President and Controller · since Apr 15, 2018
- David P Clement · Senior Vice President · listed since Mar 2020
- Thompson S Baker II · President · listed since Feb 2024
- Mary Andrews Carlisle · SVP and CFO · since Sep 1, 2022
- Jerry F Perkins Jr · Chief Administrative Officer · listed since Feb 2026
- Denson N. Franklin III · SVP, Gen. Counsel & Secretary · listed since Feb 2020
- Mitesh Bansilal Shah · SVP and CHRO · since Jun 30, 2025
- Brent P Goodsell · SVP · since Jul 16, 2026
- James T Polomsky · SVP · since Jul 16, 2026
- Stephen J Render · SVP · since Aug 4, 2026
Changes in the last 10 years (39)
| Aug 4, 2026 | Stephen J Render became SVP |
| Jul 16, 2026 | James T Polomsky became SVP |
| Jul 16, 2026 | Brent P Goodsell became SVP |
| Feb 23, 2026 | Jerry F Perkins Jr listed as Chief Administrative Officer (previously Senior Vice President) in SEC filings |
| Feb 17, 2026 | Ronnie A Pruitt listed as Chief Executive Officer (previously Chief Operating Officer) in SEC filings |
| Feb 17, 2026 | J Thomas Hill no longer listed as Chairman & CEO in SEC filings |
| Dec 10, 2025 | The company announced the departure of Stanley G Bass as Chief Strategy Officer in an SEC filing |
| Jun 30, 2025 | Mitesh Bansilal Shah became SVP and CHRO |
| Feb 13, 2024 | Thompson S Baker II listed as President (previously Chief Operating Officer) in SEC filings |
| Feb 13, 2024 | Ronnie A Pruitt listed as Chief Operating Officer (previously Senior Vice President) in SEC filings |
| Nov 8, 2023 | J Thomas Hill listed as Chairman & CEO (previously Chairman, President & CEO) in SEC filings |
| Sep 1, 2022 | Mary Andrews Carlisle became SVP and CFO |
| Jul 11, 2022 | Lydia H Kennard became a director |
| Mar 1, 2022 | Darren L. Hicks became Chief Human Resources Officer |
| Feb 16, 2022 | The company announced the departure of Suzanne H Wood as SVP & Chief Financial Officer in an SEC filing |
| Aug 26, 2021 | Ronnie A Pruitt became Senior Vice President |
| Feb 17, 2021 | Stanley G Bass listed as Chief Strategy Officer (previously Chief Growth Officer) in SEC filings |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Jerry F Perkins Jr listed as Senior Vice President (previously General Counsel and Secretary) in SEC filings |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Jason P Teter listed as Senior Vice President (previously Vice President - Finance) in SEC filings |
| Mar 13, 2020 | David P Clement listed as Senior Vice President (previously President - Central Division) in SEC filings |
| Mar 11, 2020 | George Willis became a director |
| Feb 25, 2020 | Denson N. Franklin III listed as SVP, Gen. Counsel & Secretary (previously SVP & General Counsel) in SEC filings |
| Feb 19, 2020 | Thompson S Baker II listed as Chief Operating Officer (previously Senior Vice President) in SEC filings |
| Dec 2, 2019 | Denson N. Franklin III became SVP & General Counsel |
| Oct 11, 2019 | Melissa H. Anderson became a director |
| Jul 12, 2019 | D Michael Wilson became a director |
| Nov 8, 2018 | J Thomas Hill listed as Chairman, President & CEO (previously President & CEO) in SEC filings |
| Sep 1, 2018 | Suzanne H Wood became SVP & Chief Financial Officer |
| Apr 15, 2018 | Randy L. Pigg became Vice President and Controller |
| Dec 21, 2017 | John R McPherson listed as Exec VP & CF & Strategy (previously EVP, Chf Fin & Strategy Ofcr) in SEC filings |
| Dec 21, 2017 | J Thomas Hill listed as President & CEO (previously Chairman, President & CEO) in SEC filings |
| Oct 13, 2017 | Kathleen L Quirk became a director |
| Mar 13, 2017 | Thompson S Baker II became Senior Vice President |
| Feb 14, 2017 | Jerry F Perkins Jr listed as General Counsel and Secretary (previously General Counsel and Secetary) in SEC filings |
| Feb 14, 2017 | Jason P Teter listed as Vice President - Finance (previously President, S&GC Division) in SEC filings |
| Feb 10, 2017 | David P Steiner became a director |
| Jan 30, 2017 | William K Duke listed as President, Southeast Division (previously President, Mideast Division) in SEC filings |
| Jan 1, 2017 | S Martin Thorpe became President, Mideast Division |
| Jan 1, 2017 | Christina M Alvord became President, So and Gulf Co Div. |
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Not reported recently (16)
- Darren L. Hicks · Last reported as Chief Human Resources Officer in an SEC filing dated Feb 29, 2024
- Jason P Teter · Last reported as Senior Vice President in an SEC filing dated Feb 23, 2023
- D Michael Wilson · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Dec 17, 2019
- Michael R Mills · Last reported as Chief Administrative Officer in an SEC filing dated Aug 2, 2019
- C. Brock Lodge Jr. · Last reported as President - Western Division in an SEC filing dated Feb 21, 2019
- John R McPherson · Last reported as Exec VP & CF & Strategy in an SEC filing dated Jun 11, 2018
- Kathleen Wilson-Thompson · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated May 15, 2018
- Ejaz A Khan · Last reported as VP, Controller & CIO in an SEC filing dated Feb 27, 2018
- David B. Pasley · Last reported as President - Mountain West Div in an SEC filing dated Sep 5, 2017
- William K Duke · Last reported as President, Southeast Division in an SEC filing dated Mar 3, 2017
- Jeffery G Lott · Last reported as President, Southwest Division in an SEC filing dated Feb 14, 2017
- S Martin Thorpe · Last reported as President, Mideast Division in an SEC filing dated Feb 14, 2017
- Christina M Alvord · Last reported as President, So and Gulf Co Div. in an SEC filing dated Feb 14, 2017
- Douglas J McGregor · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Dec 19, 2016
- Vincent J Trosino · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Dec 19, 2016
- David J Grayson · Last reported as President, Southeast Division in an SEC filing dated Nov 10, 2016
VMC Proposed Insider Sales (Form 144)
Latest: 2026-08-21What is Form 144? A notice of intent to sell restricted or control stock under Rule 144. Affiliates (officers, directors, 10%+ owners) and holders of restricted shares must file Form 144 when planning to sell more than 5,000 shares or $50,000 in any 3-month rolling window.
How it relates to Form 4: Form 144 is filed before the trade (up to 90 days in advance); Form 4 is filed within 2 business days after the trade executes. Not every Form 144 results in a sale — the filer may cancel or delay. Look for the corresponding Form 4 on the Insider Activity card to confirm a sale actually happened.
10b5-1 plans: Trades made under a pre-scheduled Rule 10b5-1 plan are not discretionary — they execute automatically on dates set months earlier, regardless of news. High 10b5-1 percentages mean less per-filing signal value, though cumulative selling volume still matters.
"Notice value": Aggregate market value the filer wrote into the Form 144 — i.e. the size of the planned sale, not necessarily the executed dollars. An amended notice (Form 144/A) replaces the original it amends, and cancelled notices are dropped, so neither is double-counted above. A filed value that is clearly inconsistent with the share count at the stock's price (a filer typo) shows as a dash and is left out of the totals.
Source & freshness: Sourced from public Form 144 filings. Refreshed daily; new filings typically appear here the morning after they are filed.
| Filed | Filer | Role | Shares | Notice Value | Planned Sale | Broker | Plan | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-21 | JAMES T HILL | Director | 14,000 | $3.87M | 2026-08-21 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-07 | DAVID CLEMENT | Officer | 2,000 | $570.2K | 2026-08-07 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-31 | BAKER THOMPSON S II | Officer | 71,629 | $19.43M | 2026-07-31 | Charles Schwab Corp. | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-06-16 | STANLEY BASS | Officer | 7,312 | $2.20M | 2026-06-16 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-06-15 | DAVID CLEMENT | Officer | 2,212 | $646.5K | 2026-06-15 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-04-30 | DENSON FRANKLIN III | Officer | 6,000 | $1.80M | 2026-04-30 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-02-20 | Anderson Melissa H. | Director | 1,137 | $347.9K | 2026-02-20 | FIDELITY BROKERAGE SERVICES LLC | — | EDGAR |
| 2025-12-11 | BAKER THOMPSON S II | Officer | 7,135 | $2.15M | 2025-12-11 | The Charles Schwab Corporation | — | EDGAR |
| 2025-12-10 | DENSON N. FRANKLIN III | Officer | 665 | $196.2K | 2025-12-10 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2025-11-20 | DAVID CLEMENT | Officer | 2,000 | $577.1K | 2025-11-20 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| Filing Date | Accession | Link |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-05-11 | 0001140361-26-020591 | EDGAR |
| 2026-04-29 | 0001140361-26-017638 | EDGAR |
| 2026-03-12 | 0001140361-26-009178 | EDGAR |
| 2026-02-17 | 0001140361-26-005605 | EDGAR |
| 2025-12-12 | 0001140361-25-045396 | EDGAR |
| 2025-12-08 | 0001140361-25-044864 | EDGAR |
| 2025-10-30 | 0001140361-25-039792 | EDGAR |
| 2025-10-14 | 0001140361-25-037980 | EDGAR |
| 2025-07-31 | 0001140361-25-028104 | EDGAR |
| 2025-06-20 | 0001140361-25-023183 | EDGAR |
| Filing Date | Accession | Link |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-02-19 | 0001628280-26-009546 | EDGAR |
| 2025-02-20 | 0001396009-25-000005 | EDGAR |
| 2024-02-22 | 0001396009-24-000006 | EDGAR |
| 2023-02-24 | 0001396009-23-000007 | EDGAR |
| 2022-02-25 | 0001396009-22-000010 | EDGAR |
| 2021-02-25 | 0001396009-21-000009 | EDGAR |
| 2020-02-26 | 0001396009-20-000006 | EDGAR |
| 2019-02-26 | 0001396009-19-000021 | EDGAR |
| 2018-02-27 | 0001396009-18-000011 | EDGAR |
| 2017-02-24 | 0001396009-17-000005 | EDGAR |
| Filing Date | Accession | Link |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-29 | 0001628280-26-028318 | EDGAR |
| 2025-10-30 | 0001396009-25-000031 | EDGAR |
| 2025-07-31 | 0001396009-25-000021 | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-30 | 0001396009-25-000008 | EDGAR |
| 2024-10-30 | 0001396009-24-000023 | EDGAR |
| 2024-08-07 | 0001396009-24-000017 | EDGAR |
| 2024-05-02 | 0001396009-24-000009 | EDGAR |
| 2023-10-27 | 0001396009-23-000042 | EDGAR |
| 2023-08-04 | 0001396009-23-000035 | EDGAR |
| 2023-05-05 | 0001396009-23-000013 | EDGAR |
| # | ETF | Provider | Weight | $ Exposure | ETF AUM | As Of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VTI Vanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF | Vanguard | 0.04% | $1.0B | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 2 | VOO Vanguard S&P 500 ETF | Vanguard | 0.05% | $832.0M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 3 | VO Vanguard Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF | Vanguard | 0.31% | $678.8M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 4 | IVV iShares Core S&P 500 ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.05% | $450.4M | $885.1B | 2026-10-26 |
| 5 | VUG Vanguard Morningstar Growth ETF | Vanguard | 0.11% | $421.5M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 6 | SPY State Street® SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust | SPDR (State Street) | 0.05% | $416.3M | $810.0B | 2026-10-26 |
| 7 | XLB State Street® Materials Select Sector SPDR® ETF | SPDR (State Street) | 4.91% | $392.7M | $8.0B | 2026-10-26 |
| 8 | PAVE Global X U.S. Infrastructure Development ETF | Global X | 2.10% | $287.1M | — | 2026-10-27 |
| 9 | VOT Vanguard Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF | Vanguard | 0.75% | $248.9M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 10 | RSP Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF | Invesco | 0.21% | $205.4M | — | 2026-10-26 |
| 11 | VIG Vanguard Dividend Appreciation ETF | Vanguard | 0.14% | $179.3M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 12 | IWR iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.25% | $142.9M | $57.8B | 2026-10-26 |
| 13 | VAW Vanguard Materials ETF | Vanguard | 2.21% | $99.8M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 14 | SPYM State Street® SPDR® Portfolio S&P 500® ETF | SPDR (State Street) | 0.05% | $94.0M | $183.4B | 2026-10-26 |
| 15 | JEPI JPMorgan Equity Premium Income ETF | JPMorgan | 0.20% | $93.8M | $45.9B | 2026-10-27 |
| 16 | SCHG Schwab U.S. Large-Cap Growth ETF | Nport | 0.13% | $79.7M | — | 2026-05-31 |
| 17 | IWD iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.09% | $74.3M | $83.0B | 2026-10-26 |
| 18 | IVE iShares S&P 500 Value ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.11% | $56.2M | $50.6B | 2026-10-26 |
| 19 | DFAC Dimensional US Core Equity 2 ETF | Dimensional | 0.06% | $54.3M | — | 2026-10-26 |
| 20 | IFRA iShares U.S. Infrastructure ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 1.35% | $53.9M | $4.0B | 2026-10-26 |
| 21 | IWS iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.33% | $50.1M | $15.2B | 2026-10-26 |
| 22 | ITOT iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.05% | $43.9M | $97.1B | 2026-10-26 |
| 23 | SPYV State Street® SPDR® Portfolio S&P 500® Value ETF | SPDR (State Street) | 0.11% | $43.2M | $38.7B | 2026-10-26 |
| 24 | SCHX Schwab U.S. Large-Cap ETF | Nport | 0.05% | $39.6M | — | 2026-05-31 |
| 25 | VV Vanguard Morningstar Large-Cap ETF | Vanguard | 0.05% | $37.3M | — | 2026-09-30 |
Quarterly filings sourced from SEC 10-Q / 10-K reports. TTM tiles aggregate the most recent four quarters; bars show the last ~12 quarters oldest → newest.
- Revenue — top-line sales. Look for consistent YoY growth; seasonal businesses need same-quarter comparisons (Q4 '24 vs Q4 '23).
- Net Income — bottom-line profit after all expenses. Can be volatile from one-time items; red bars = net loss.
- Diluted EPS — net income per share assuming options/converts are exercised. Direct input to the P/E ratio.
- Operating Cash Flow — cash generated from core operations, before capex and financing. Harder to manipulate than net income; growing OCF is a quality signal.
- Sequential growth — quarter-over-quarter trend. Accelerating bars are a momentum signal.
- YoY growth — compare to the same quarter a year earlier to remove seasonality.
- Quality — OCF should roughly track Net Income over time. Large divergence (net income ≫ OCF) flags accruals risk.
- Margins — scan the bar ratios: Net Income / Revenue tells you margin trend without needing a separate chart.
TTM (trailing-twelve-month) smooths seasonality and is used for the P/E calculation. Filings appear 30–90 days after the period closes.
Quarterly figures (12 quarters)
| Quarter | Period End | Revenue | Net Income | Diluted EPS | Op. Cash Flow |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 '26 | 2026-03-31 | $1.76B | $166.90M | $1.27 | $241.10M |
| Q4 '25 | 2025-12-31 | $1.91B | $252.00M | $1.90 | $543.00M |
| Q3 '25 | 2025-09-30 | $2.29B | $374.90M | $2.82 | $676.80M |
| Q2 '25 | 2025-06-30 | $2.10B | $320.90M | $2.42 | $341.70M |
| Q1 '25 | 2025-03-31 | $1.63B | $130.30M | $0.98 | $251.50M |
| Q4 '24 | 2024-12-31 | $1.85B | $293.70M | $2.20 | $440.10M |
| Q3 '24 | 2024-09-30 | $2.00B | $207.60M | $1.56 | $595.00M |
| Q2 '24 | 2024-06-30 | $2.01B | $308.00M | $2.31 | $201.10M |
| Q1 '24 | 2024-03-31 | $1.55B | $102.70M | $0.77 | $173.40M |
| Q4 '23 | 2023-12-31 | $1.83B | $227.40M | $1.70 | $481.60M |
| Q3 '23 | 2023-09-30 | $2.19B | $276.50M | $2.07 | $547.70M |
| Q2 '23 | 2023-06-30 | $2.11B | $308.60M | $2.31 | $286.20M |
Ratios derived from TTM financials and the current market price, sampled daily. History chart shows how expensive the stock is today relative to its own recent past.
- P/E — price / TTM earnings. Rough market rule: 10–15 value, 15–25 market, >30 growth/premium. Negative when earnings are negative.
- P/B — price / book value. Useful for financials and asset-heavy names; meaningless for asset-light software.
- P/S — price / TTM revenue. Useful when earnings are negative or noisy (early-stage growth).
- EV/EBITDA — capital-structure-neutral. <10 cheap, 10–15 reasonable, >20 rich. Good for comparing across leverage profiles.
- EV/Sales — like P/S but accounts for debt + cash. Compare within sector.
- ROE — return on equity. >15% strong, >25% exceptional. Caution: high leverage inflates ROE.
- ROA — return on assets. Leverage-neutral; >5% solid, >10% exceptional.
- Div Yield — annual dividend / price. Compare to 10Y Treasury; sustained yield >6% often signals distress.
- FCF Yield — free cash flow / market cap. >5% is attractive; negative means burning cash.
- Debt/Equity — leverage. <1 conservative, >2 aggressive. Sector-dependent (utilities naturally high, tech low).
- Current Ratio — short-term liquidity. >1.5 comfortable, <1 raises short-term solvency flags.
- Compare current level to the 3-year band: near the high end = relatively expensive; near the low = relatively cheap.
- Multiples expanding while earnings are flat = sentiment-driven rally.
- Multiples compressing while earnings grow = value coming from fundamentals.
Regulatory short-interest reports publish on a bi-weekly settlement cadence; short-volume is reported daily by the trade-reporting facilities. Float is derived from insider-ownership filings.
- Short Interest — total shares currently sold short as of the settlement date. Lags real time by ~8 business days.
- SI % of Float — short interest / free float. The key crowding metric.
- Days to Cover — short interest / avg daily volume. How many full trading days it would take shorts to buy back. High DTC + catalyst = squeeze fuel.
- Short Vol Ratio — today's short-sale volume / total volume. Intraday selling pressure proxy (not the same as short interest).
- Free Float — shares available for public trading (total shares minus insider / restricted).
- Float % — free float / shares outstanding. <50% = tightly held, more prone to squeezes.
- SI % of Float < 5% — typical, no particular signal.
- 5–15% — elevated; watch for catalysts (earnings, guidance, macro).
- 15–30% — heavily shorted; tight-float names in this range have produced notable squeezes historically.
- >30% — extreme; borrow is likely expensive and squeeze risk is material.
- Days to Cover > 5 combined with high SI% amplifies squeeze potential.
- Trend matters more than level. Rapidly rising short interest often precedes negative catalysts or heavy hedging.
- A sudden drop in SI after a rally may indicate a squeeze in progress.
Short interest is reported mid-month and end-of-month; short volume is daily.