UYM +2x ProShares Ultra Materials
BULL ETF standard · Issuer ProShares · Tracks underlying · Listed 2007-01-30
Realized vs theoretical +2x underlying
Cumulative return of UYM against a clean +2x of underlying's return over the same window; the red line (right axis) is the gap between them.
How UYM works
UYM targets +2x the daily return of underlying — not the return over longer windows. It rebalances every day, so over weeks and months its result drifts away from +2x × the index, usually downward when the market chops around.
The maths: the drag is roughly −½ × N × (N−1) × σ² per period (N = leverage, σ = the index's volatility). For a +2x fund on an index with 25% annual volatility that is several percent a year before fees — the red line above is that drag measured.
Short-term trades (a day or a few) are what these funds are built for. Premium sellers like their rich option IV — see the quote page. Multi-day directional bets work in strong trends and get eaten in chop.
Not investment advice.