SONM DNA X, Inc. Common Stock
XNASStock quote, options chain, IV rank, technicals, AI analysis, and institutional ownership. Iron condor setups Fibonacci levels Insider trading
Market data may be delayed, incomplete, or inaccurate. Not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security. Verify quotes with your broker before trading. See Terms §17.

- Industry (SIC)
- TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH APPARATUS (3661) · industry map
- Exchange
- XNAS
- Market Cap
- $0.0B
- Employees
- 4
- List Date
- 2019-05-10
- CIK
- 0001178697
- Next Earnings
- 2026-10-30
- Headquarters
- San Diego, CA
- Homepage
- https://www.dnax.us
DNA X Inc is engaged in providing crypto trading services through its online platform, enabling users to buy, sell, and exchange cryptocurrencies, as well as execute automated trading strategies between currency pairs. The company generates revenue from commissions and fees on trading activity.
Each spoke is this symbol's rank within its sector (0–100; the dotted ring marks the sector median at 50). Higher is more constructive for a long. One spoke — News sentiment — is an absolute reading, not a sector rank. Grayed spokes have no data. A fuller shape is a summary, not a recommendation.
| Month | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | '25 | '26 | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14.91% | -37.35% | 13.93% | -9.11% | -15.94% | 95.83% | 10.38% |
| Feb | 22.14% | -16.04% | -10.73% | 3.22% | -23.43% | -4.39% | -4.87% |
| Mar | -24.78% | 28.13% | 133.58% | -7.72% | 3.88% | -25.78% | 17.89% |
| Apr | -23.03% | -29.93% | 11.54% | -7.88% | -47.64% | 46.10% | -8.47% |
| May | -23.96% | -10.99% | -11.21% | 18.48% | -42.55% | -9.82% | -13.34% |
| Jun | 18.72% | -9.86% | 11.65% | 59.49% | 28.15% | 8.88% | 19.50% |
| Jul | -24.02% | 30.35% | -15.25% | -62.02% | -2.49% | -35.51% | -18.16% |
| Aug | 8.70% | 14.09% | -32.87% | -24.78% | -8.09% | -4.94% | -7.98% |
| Sep | -42.69% | -32.89% | 2.67% | 18.16% | 1.84% | 29.50% | -3.90% |
| Oct | -10.63% | -18.34% | 23.64% | 19.22% | 6.35% | -28.59%* | -1.39% |
| Nov | -36.00% | -3.95% | -12.69% | -0.15% | -49.96% | -- | -20.55% |
| Dec | -32.72% | -20.32% | -0.46% | -4.97% | -42.73% | -- | -20.24% |
| Total | -86.64% | -76.37% | 64.87% | -42.45% | -92.83% | 13.01% | -36.73% |
Quick-reference for reading the values below. Indicators combine to confirm a view — no single one is a trade signal on its own.
- SMA 20 / 50 / 200 — price above = uptrend, below = downtrend. SMA 50 crossing SMA 200 is the golden/death cross.
- EMA 12 / 26 — faster-reacting averages; 12 above 26 is short-term bullish.
- MACD — bullish when MACD > signal (green badge), bearish when below. Divergence from price often precedes reversals.
- ADX (14) — trend strength regardless of direction. <20 range, 20–25 weak trend, 25–50 trend, >50 strong trend.
- +DI / −DI — +DI > −DI favors bulls; the reverse favors bears. Read alongside ADX.
- RSI (14) — <30 oversold, >70 overbought. 40–60 is neutral; trending names can stay extreme.
- Stochastic %K / %D — <20 oversold, >80 overbought. %K crossing %D is an early momentum signal.
- Williams %R — inverted scale: <−80 oversold, >−20 overbought.
Oscillators work best in range-bound markets; in strong trends they give premature reversal signals.
- Bollinger Bands — price at upper band = overbought, lower = oversold. Narrow bands (squeeze) often precede expansion.
- OBV — cumulative volume; rising OBV confirms uptrend, falling OBV confirms downtrend. Divergence from price is a warning.
- Vol SMA 20 / Vol ROC — today's volume vs. 20-day average. Positive ROC with price move = conviction.
- ATR / True Range — average daily $ move; sizing and stop-loss reference.
- HV 20 / 30 / 60 — realized (historical) volatility. Compare to IV on the options cards: IV > HV = rich premium.
Confluence matters: trend + momentum + volume agreeing carries far more weight than any single indicator. For how these feed the spread scanner score, see the algorithm docs →
Trend Indicators
Momentum Oscillators
Volume & Volatility
Data Summary
LLM Stock Analysis Report: SONM
Executive Summary
Overall Assessment: NEUTRAL (Confidence Level: 6/10)
Key Drivers:
- Technical indicators suggest a range-bound market with bullish momentum signals
- Recent news headlines highlight neutral sentiment, with no significant catalysts identified
Primary Risks:
- Volatility regime remains moderate, with potential for increased volatility if markets shift
- No earnings data available, limiting insight into company performance
Investment Thesis: SONM appears to be trading within a range, with mixed signals from technical and news indicators. Further analysis is needed to identify potential entry points or catalysts that could drive the stock outside of this range.
Recent News Sentiment Impact:
- Positive sentiment from recent news headlines (12 Information Technology Stocks Moving In Monday's After-Market Session) may have contributed to a short-term bounce in the stock price
Technical Analysis
Trend Direction: Neutral, with bullish momentum signals and range-bound market conditions
Support/Resistance Levels:
- Lower band of Bollinger Bands: $3.85
- Middle line: $4.62
- Upper band: $5.40
- Resistance level (SMA 200): $6.73
Momentum Signals:
- RSI interpretation: Neutral (51.22)
- MACD signal: Bullish momentum
- Bollinger Bands position: Neutral
Volume Analysis: Volume trends and institutional interest signals:
- Volume SMA 20: 25559.60
- On-Balance Volume (OBV): 12428827.24
- Volume Rate of Change: -83.31%
News & Sentiment Analysis
Recent Headlines Summary:
- Neutral sentiment from recent news headlines, with no significant catalysts identified
Sentiment Assessment: NEUTRAL
Catalyst Identification:
- No upcoming events or product launches that could impact the stock price
Market Narrative:
- Recent news sentiment aligns with the neutral technical signals, suggesting a range-bound market
Risk & Volatility Assessment
Risk Metrics:
- Beta: 0.80 (vs SPY)
- Alpha: -1.11
- Correlation: 0.07
- Stock Volatility: 1.34
Interpretation: Moderate volatility - stock generally follows market
Options Market Signals:
- No options data available
Downside Protection:
- Support levels: Lower band of Bollinger Bands ($3.85), SMA 20 ($4.62)
Market Context & Positioning
Sector Performance:
- Sector performance is neutral, with no significant trends or patterns identified
Institutional Activity:
- No unusual institutional activity detected
Correlation Analysis:
- Correlation with the broader market (SPY) remains low, suggesting limited dependence on market movements
Relative Valuation:
- SONM appears to be trading within its historical range, with no clear signs of overvaluation or undervaluation
Key Levels & Action Items
Critical Price Levels:
- Lower band of Bollinger Bands: $3.85
- Middle line: $4.62
- Upper band: $5.40
- Resistance level (SMA 200): $6.73
Breakout/Breakdown Levels:
- No clear breakout or breakdown levels identified, suggesting a range-bound market
Time-Sensitive Catalysts:
- No upcoming events or product launches that could impact the stock price
Risk Management:
- Stop-loss levels: Consider setting stop-loss orders at lower band of Bollinger Bands ($3.85) to limit potential losses
- Position sizing considerations: Consider limiting position size due to moderate volatility and neutral sentiment
SONM Options Activity & IV Rank
Each spread is ranked by a composite score built in three stages. Full documentation →
score = P(profit) × (credit / spread_width)
P(profit) from short leg delta (1 − |delta|), penalised above 85%. Credit uses mid-price to handle illiquid chains fairly.
RR and BF (30-delta) from the persisted per-symbol skew snapshot — wing strikes picked by real greeks.delta, not a moneyness proxy. Put skew boosts bull puts, penalises bear calls. High butterfly boosts iron condors. Calendars are skew-neutral.
- RSI <40 bullish / >60 bearish
- MACD crossover + histogram trend
- Price vs SMA 50 & SMA 200
- Stochastic %K <20 / >80
- Williams %R <−80 / >−20
- Blended ATR + straddle expected-move penalty
- Bollinger Band signal (+ counter-trend penalty)
- BB width — vol contraction boost for ICs
- IV rank ≥ 75 → strong boost for credit spreads
- IV rank < 25 → penalty (selling cheap vol)
- Min open interest across all legs
- OI < 100 → −0.10 · OI < 500 → −0.05
score = base_score × skew_multiplier × tech_multiplier
Both multipliers are shown per spread. Beta is informational only — ATR already captures realized vol. Full algorithm documentation →
Enter a ticker to scan for optimal spread opportunities.
Evaluates all bull put, bear call, iron condor, and calendar spread combinations using GPU-accelerated analysis.
IV(put wing) − IV(ATM), in vol pointsHow much the OTM put trades above (or below) the at-the-money strike. Measures the height of the put-side tail relative to ATM — i.e. how expensive crash insurance is on this name.
- Positive (typical) — wing IV > ATM IV. Standard equity put skew: portfolios bid up crash protection, so OTM puts trade richer than ATM.
- Near zero or negative (unusual) — wing IV ≤ ATM IV. Flat or inverted put side. Common when there's no fear demand, in tightly mean-reverting names, or right after an earnings catalyst clears.
- Percentile vs own 3-yr history: high = wings rich (good time to sell wing premium); low = wings cheap (good time to buy protection).
- Not directional — high or low wings don't predict up or down moves. It's a price tag on tail insurance, not a forecast.
IV(call wing) − IV(put wing), equal delta on each sideWhich side of the smile is the market paying up for? Measures the tilt of the surface — call skew vs put skew at matched deltas.
- Negative (typical) — puts richer than calls. Standard equity behavior: hedging demand makes puts carry a premium. Most large-caps sit in the −1 to −5 vol-point range.
- Strongly negative (< −5 pts) — heavy downside hedging, elevated fear, or an upcoming catalyst (earnings, FDA, macro event). Worth flagging.
- Positive — calls richer than puts. Unusual for equities; signals bullish momentum, short-squeeze positioning, or takeover/M&A speculation.
- Near zero — symmetric surface. Market sees roughly equal up/down risk. Rare for large-caps; more common in commodities and FX.
Wing-vs-ATM tells you how expensive the tails are. Risk Reversal tells you which side is favored. Combined:
- High wing percentile + deeply negative RR → strong put bid; stress or major event priced in. Owning protection costs a premium; selling put premium is dangerous.
- Low wing percentile + near-zero RR → complacency; insurance cheap and balanced. Good environment to add cheap downside hedges.
- Positive RR + elevated wings → call-side fear-of-missing-out; common in squeeze setups. Upside calls expensive, downside puts not bid.
Percentile is the rank of today's reading within ~3 years of this symbol's own history. High percentile = wings are rich relative to history; not a directional signal. Skew is read off the chain in real time, not from CBOE SKEW.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility surface.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility smile.
Risk Metrics
Analysis Details
Data Points: 251
Period: 252 trading days
Low volatility - stock moves less than market
| Investor | Value | Share of their portfolio | Rank | Q/Q shares | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citadel Hedge fund Ken Griffin | $65K | #5937 of 6285 | new | 13F |
Hedge funds, activists, holding companies and family offices we track, from their latest 13F (quarter-end value) and Form 4 filings in the last 3 years. Family offices · all institutions
SONM Institutional Ownership (13F)
Latest filings — 2026-09-30Institutional managers with $100M+ AUM file Form 13F-HR quarterly, due 45 days after quarter end. Holdings are reported gross at quarter-end market value — they are a snapshot, not a real-time position.
- Shares — long equity positions in this name, aggregated across share classes.
- Calls / Puts — notional value of long call / put exposure where this ticker is the underlying.
- % of Float — holder's reported shares divided by the latest diluted shares outstanding. Sums above 100% indicate large custodian / prime broker positions where the same shares are reported by multiple filers.
- Custodian badge — filers with more than 5,000 holdings are typically broker-dealers / custodians reporting customer-held shares, not active managers.
Each filer is counted once at its latest 13F-HR filing. New filings are ingested on a weekly cadence.
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|
SONM Insider Trading (Form 4)
Latest: 2026-02-10| Filed | Reporter | Role | Action | Shares | Avg Price | Net $ | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-02-10 | Michael C Mulica | Acting CEO | Award (A) | +50,000 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-02-10 | Clayton Crolius | Chief Financial Officer | Award (A) | +35,000 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2025-06-30 | Laurence W Lytton | 10%+ Owner | Sell (S) | −866,916 | $1.45 | -$1.26M | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-25 | Charles Becher | See Remarks | Sell (S) | −31,326 | $1.45 | -$45.4K | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-25 | Jack Steenstra | Director | Sell (S) | −23,381 | $1.45 | -$33.9K | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-25 | James S Cassano | Director | Sell (S) | −23,381 | $1.45 | -$33.9K | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-25 | Michael C Mulica | Director | Sell (S) | −27,818 | $1.45 | -$40.3K | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-25 | Jeffrey Wang | Director | Sell (S) | −4,478 | $1.45 | -$6.5K | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-25 | Clayton Crolius | Chief Financial Officer | Sell (S) | −11,634 | $1.45 | -$16.9K | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-02 | Jack Steenstra | Director | Award (A) | +46,728 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2025-04-02 | James S Cassano | Director | Award (A) | +46,728 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2025-04-02 | Michael C Mulica | Director | Award (A) | +46,728 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2025-02-10 | Hao Peter Liu | Chief Executive Officer | Award (A) | +63,604 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2025-02-10 | Clayton Crolius | Chief Financial Officer | Award (A) | +33,922 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2025-02-10 | Charles Becher | See Remarks | Award (A) | +70,671 | — | EDGAR |
SONM Insider Holdings
8 insiders · @ $2.96| # | Insider | Role | Shares | Disclosed Exposure | Lifetime OM Net | Filings | Last Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeffrey Wang | Director | 109,313 | $323.6K | $16.31M | 8 | 2025-04-25 |
| 2 | Michael C Mulica | Acting CEO | 54,071 | $160.1K | -$73.6K | 12 | 2026-02-10 |
| 3 | Laurence W Lytton | 10%+ Owner | 44,444 | $131.6K | -$1.26M | 1 | 2025-06-30 |
| 4 | Clayton Crolius | Chief Financial Officer | 36,719 | $108.7K | $42.3K | 7 | 2026-02-10 |
| 5 | Hao Peter Liu | Chief Executive Officer | 14,966 | $44.3K | $800.0K | 4 | 2025-02-10 |
| 6 | Charles Becher | See Remarks | 3,482 | $10.3K | -$45.4K | 3 | 2025-04-25 |
| 7 | Jack Steenstra | Director | 2,730 | $8.1K | -$64.6K | 8 | 2025-04-25 |
| 8 | James S Cassano | Director | 2,729 | $8.1K | -$64.7K | 8 | 2025-04-25 |
SONM Board & Officers
As of SEC filings through Feb 20, 2026Directors 5
- Jeffrey D Johnson · since May 9, 2019
- Michael C Mulica · since Apr 15, 2021
- Jack Steenstra · since Jul 13, 2022
- James S Cassano · since Jul 13, 2022
- George Thangadurai · since Jul 18, 2025
Officers 2
- Michael C Mulica · Acting CEO · listed since Feb 2026
- Clayton Crolius · Chief Financial Officer · since Jul 13, 2022
10% owners 1
- DNA Holdings Venture Inc. (entity) · since Dec 15, 2025
Changes in the last 10 years (72)
| Feb 10, 2026 | Michael C Mulica first listed as Acting CEO in an SEC filing |
| Feb 3, 2026 | The company announced the departure of Charles Becher as Chief Commercial Officer and General Manager of North America in an SEC filing |
| Jan 30, 2026 | The company announced the departure of Hao Peter Liu from the board in an SEC filing |
| Jan 30, 2026 | The company announced the departure of Hao Peter Liu as Chief Executive Officer in an SEC filing |
| Dec 15, 2025 | DNA Holdings Venture Inc. became a 10% owner |
| Jul 18, 2025 | George Thangadurai became a director |
| Jul 7, 2025 | Laurence W Lytton reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| May 16, 2025 | Laurence W Lytton first listed as a 10% owner in an SEC filing |
| May 5, 2025 | Laurence W Lytton reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Mar 11, 2025 | Parveen Narula became a 10% owner |
| Mar 11, 2025 | Orbic North America LLC became a 10% owner |
| Mar 11, 2025 | Ashima Narula became a 10% owner |
| Feb 20, 2025 | Laurence W Lytton became a 10% owner |
| Dec 28, 2023 | Charles Becher listed as Chief Commercial Officer and General Manager of North America (previously Chief Sales & Marketing) in SEC filings |
| Aug 3, 2023 | The company announced the departure of Jose Carlos Principe from the board in an SEC filing |
| Aug 3, 2023 | The company announced the departure of Alan B Howe from the board in an SEC filing |
| Jul 15, 2022 | Robert L. Tirva reported in an SEC filing no longer being President, CFO and COO |
| Jul 14, 2022 | Jose Carlos Principe became a director |
| Jul 14, 2022 | Jeffrey Wang first on file as a 10% owner |
| Jul 14, 2022 | Hao Peter Liu first listed as a director in an SEC filing |
| Jul 13, 2022 | The company announced the departure of Susan Swenson from the board in an SEC filing |
| Jul 13, 2022 | The company announced the departure of John Kneuer from the board in an SEC filing |
| Jul 13, 2022 | Jeffrey Wang became a director |
| Jul 13, 2022 | James S Cassano became a director |
| Jul 13, 2022 | Jack Steenstra became a director |
| Jul 13, 2022 | Clayton Crolius became Chief Financial Officer |
| Jul 13, 2022 | AJP Holding Company, LLC became a 10% owner |
| Apr 13, 2022 | Hao Peter Liu became Chief Executive Officer |
| Oct 14, 2021 | Stanley Morgan reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Oct 8, 2021 | Stanley Morgan became a 10% owner |
| Aug 25, 2021 | Bryant R Riley reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Aug 25, 2021 | BRC Partners Opportunity Fund, LP reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Aug 25, 2021 | BRC Partners Management GP, LLC reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Aug 25, 2021 | B. Riley Principal Investments, LLC reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Aug 25, 2021 | B. Riley Financial, Inc. reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Aug 25, 2021 | B. Riley Capital Management, LLC reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Jun 11, 2021 | Robert L. Tirva listed as President, CFO and COO (previously Chief Financial Officer) in SEC filings |
| Apr 15, 2021 | Michael C Mulica became a director |
| Apr 15, 2021 | Kenneth Dale Naumann became a director |
| Mar 15, 2021 | Bryant R Riley no longer listed as a director in SEC filings |
| Mar 15, 2021 | BRC Partners Opportunity Fund, LP no longer listed as a director in SEC filings |
| Mar 15, 2021 | BRC Partners Management GP, LLC no longer listed as a director in SEC filings |
| Mar 15, 2021 | B. Riley Financial, Inc. no longer listed as a director in SEC filings |
| Mar 15, 2021 | B. Riley Capital Management, LLC no longer listed as a director in SEC filings |
| Jun 29, 2020 | Bryant R Riley first listed as a director in an SEC filing |
| Jun 29, 2020 | BRC Partners Opportunity Fund, LP first listed as a director in an SEC filing |
| Jun 29, 2020 | BRC Partners Management GP, LLC first listed as a director in an SEC filing |
| Jun 29, 2020 | B. Riley Capital Management, LLC first listed as a director in an SEC filing |
| Jun 11, 2020 | Robert L. Tirva listed as Chief Financial Officer (previously Interim CFO) in SEC filings |
| Nov 1, 2019 | B. Riley Financial, Inc. first listed as a director in an SEC filing |
| Nov 1, 2019 | B. Riley FBR, Inc. first on file as a 10% owner |
| Oct 29, 2019 | Thomas Wiley Wilkinson became a director |
| Oct 29, 2019 | Thomas Wiley Wilkinson became Chief Executive Officer |
| Sep 9, 2019 | Robert L. Tirva became Interim CFO |
| May 9, 2019 | Susan Swenson became a director |
| May 9, 2019 | Robert Plaschke became a director |
| May 9, 2019 | Robert Plaschke became Chief Executive Officer |
| May 9, 2019 | Nokomis Capital, L.L.C. became a 10% owner |
| May 9, 2019 | Maurice Hochschild became a director |
| May 9, 2019 | Kenneth M Young became a director |
| May 9, 2019 | John Kneuer became a director |
| May 9, 2019 | Jeffrey D Johnson became a director |
| May 9, 2019 | James M Walker became Chief Financial Officer |
| May 9, 2019 | Charles Becher became Chief Sales & Marketing |
| May 9, 2019 | Bryant R Riley became a 10% owner |
| May 9, 2019 | Brett Hendrickson became a 10% owner |
| May 9, 2019 | BRC Partners Opportunity Fund, LP became a 10% owner |
| May 9, 2019 | BRC Partners Management GP, LLC became a 10% owner |
| May 9, 2019 | B. Riley Principal Investments, LLC became a 10% owner |
| May 9, 2019 | B. Riley Financial, Inc. became a 10% owner |
| May 9, 2019 | B. Riley Capital Management, LLC became a 10% owner |
| May 9, 2019 | Alan B Howe became a director |
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Not reported recently (14)
- Jeffrey Wang · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 25, 2025
- Parveen Narula · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Mar 21, 2025
- Orbic North America LLC · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Mar 21, 2025
- Ashima Narula · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Mar 21, 2025
- AJP Holding Company, LLC · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Aug 10, 2022
- Kenneth M Young · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Nov 12, 2021
- Kenneth Dale Naumann · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Jun 21, 2021
- Maurice Hochschild · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Jun 11, 2020
- Thomas Wiley Wilkinson · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Jun 11, 2020
- Brett Hendrickson · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated May 26, 2020
- Nokomis Capital, L.L.C. · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated May 26, 2020
- B. Riley FBR, Inc. · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Nov 12, 2019
- Robert Plaschke · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated May 23, 2019
- James M Walker · Last reported as Chief Financial Officer in an SEC filing dated May 9, 2019
| # | ETF | Provider | Weight | $ Exposure | ETF AUM | As Of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VXF Vanguard Extended Market ETF | Vanguard | 0.00% | $26,938 | — | 2026-09-30 |
Quarterly filings sourced from SEC 10-Q / 10-K reports. TTM tiles aggregate the most recent four quarters; bars show the last ~12 quarters oldest → newest.
- Revenue — top-line sales. Look for consistent YoY growth; seasonal businesses need same-quarter comparisons (Q4 '24 vs Q4 '23).
- Net Income — bottom-line profit after all expenses. Can be volatile from one-time items; red bars = net loss.
- Diluted EPS — net income per share assuming options/converts are exercised. Direct input to the P/E ratio.
- Operating Cash Flow — cash generated from core operations, before capex and financing. Harder to manipulate than net income; growing OCF is a quality signal.
- Sequential growth — quarter-over-quarter trend. Accelerating bars are a momentum signal.
- YoY growth — compare to the same quarter a year earlier to remove seasonality.
- Quality — OCF should roughly track Net Income over time. Large divergence (net income ≫ OCF) flags accruals risk.
- Margins — scan the bar ratios: Net Income / Revenue tells you margin trend without needing a separate chart.
TTM (trailing-twelve-month) smooths seasonality and is used for the P/E calculation. Filings appear 30–90 days after the period closes.