NDRA ENDRA Life Sciences Inc. Common Stock
XNAS
Stock quote, options chain, IV rank, technicals, AI analysis, and institutional ownership. Iron condor setups Fibonacci levels Insider trading
Market data may be delayed, incomplete, or inaccurate. Not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security. Verify quotes with your broker before trading. See Terms §17.
NDRA
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Key stats
Related
About
- Industry (SIC)
- ELECTROMEDICAL & ELECTROTHERAPEUTIC APPARATUS (3845) · industry map
- Exchange
- XNAS
- Market Cap
- $0.0B
- Employees
- 11
- List Date
- 2017-06-28
- CIK
- 0001681682
- Next Earnings
- 2026-11-13
- EPS Forecast
- ($0.84) (1 est.)
- Headquarters
- Ann Arbor, MI
- Homepage
- https://www.endrainc.com
ENDRA Life Sciences Inc is engaged in the development of thermo-acoustic enhanced ultrasound (TAEUS) technology to improve the capabilities of clinical diagnostic ultrasound. The company's technology is used to measure tissue composition, including the assessment of fat in the liver, and is being developed for additional clinical applications such as tissue temperature monitoring.
Summary
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composite
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No summary data available for this symbol yet.
Each spoke is this symbol's rank within its sector (0–100; the dotted ring marks the sector median at 50). Higher is more constructive for a long. One spoke — News sentiment — is an absolute reading, not a sector rank. Grayed spokes have no data. A fuller shape is a summary, not a recommendation.
Chart
Seasonality
| Month | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | '25 | '26 | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 137.50% | -18.90% | -5.65% | -33.97% | -25.31% | -11.42% | 7.04% |
| Feb | 23.76% | -29.95% | -2.50% | 9.80% | -13.05% | 15.92% | 0.66% |
| Mar | -1.52% | -5.57% | -39.10% | -48.67% | -1.20% | 18.62% | -12.91% |
| Apr | -12.41% | -31.83% | -30.74% | -29.82% | 53.32% | 4.73% | -7.79% |
| May | -8.23% | -14.91% | 1.38% | -6.43% | -53.47% | 11.11% | -11.76% |
| Jun | 4.81% | 5.23% | -0.01% | -55.25% | -1.96% | -4.82% | -8.67% |
| Jul | -16.28% | 20.42% | -16.22% | -15.41% | 54.61% | -12.80% | 2.39% |
| Aug | 1.60% | -7.40% | -4.88% | -90.43% | -15.54% | 19.74% | -16.15% |
| Sep | -11.28% | 7.56% | -5.12% | -42.24% | 25.70% | 13.09% | -2.05% |
| Oct | -7.60% | -26.12% | -11.26% | 23.89% | -6.55% | -18.71%* | -7.73% |
| Nov | -39.36% | -22.88% | 7.69% | -41.53% | 14.31% | -- | -16.35% |
| Dec | -18.81% | 12.37% | 89.29% | 14.55% | -23.09% | -- | 14.86% |
| Total | -16.28% | -74.85% | -46.20% | -99.58% | -39.48% | 29.49% | -41.15% |
Technical Indicators
Quick-reference for reading the values below. Indicators combine to confirm a view — no single one is a trade signal on its own.
Trend Indicators
- SMA 20 / 50 / 200 — price above = uptrend, below = downtrend. SMA 50 crossing SMA 200 is the golden/death cross.
- EMA 12 / 26 — faster-reacting averages; 12 above 26 is short-term bullish.
- MACD — bullish when MACD > signal (green badge), bearish when below. Divergence from price often precedes reversals.
- ADX (14) — trend strength regardless of direction. <20 range, 20–25 weak trend, 25–50 trend, >50 strong trend.
- +DI / −DI — +DI > −DI favors bulls; the reverse favors bears. Read alongside ADX.
Momentum Oscillators
- RSI (14) — <30 oversold, >70 overbought. 40–60 is neutral; trending names can stay extreme.
- Stochastic %K / %D — <20 oversold, >80 overbought. %K crossing %D is an early momentum signal.
- Williams %R — inverted scale: <−80 oversold, >−20 overbought.
Oscillators work best in range-bound markets; in strong trends they give premature reversal signals.
Volume & Volatility
- Bollinger Bands — price at upper band = overbought, lower = oversold. Narrow bands (squeeze) often precede expansion.
- OBV — cumulative volume; rising OBV confirms uptrend, falling OBV confirms downtrend. Divergence from price is a warning.
- Vol SMA 20 / Vol ROC — today's volume vs. 20-day average. Positive ROC with price move = conviction.
- ATR / True Range — average daily $ move; sizing and stop-loss reference.
- HV 20 / 30 / 60 — realized (historical) volatility. Compare to IV on the options cards: IV > HV = rich premium.
Confluence matters: trend + momentum + volume agreeing carries far more weight than any single indicator. For how these feed the spread scanner score, see the algorithm docs →
Trend Indicators
SMA 20: $5.44
SMA 50: $5.40
SMA 200: $4.80
Current: $4.78
EMA 12: $5.03
EMA 26: $5.29
MACD: -0.2675 | Signal: -0.1229
BEARISH
ADX (14): 23.08
WEAK TREND
+DI: 15.12
−DI: 23.63
Momentum Oscillators
RSI (14): 40.91
NEUTRAL
Stoch %K: 17.27
Stoch %D: 11.12
Williams %R: -76.58
Volume & Volatility
BB Upper: $6.63
BB Lower: $4.26
NEUTRAL
OBV: 113,036,816
Vol SMA 20: 19,072
Vol ROC: -16.84%
ATR: $0.45
True Range: $0.35
HV 20: 68.1%
HV 30: 80.2%
HV 60: 91.4%
Data Summary
Data Points: 500
Last Updated:
Date Range: 2024-10-24T00:00:00 – 2026-10-22T00:00:00
AI Analysis
NDRA Stock Analysis Report
Executive Summary
Overall Assessment: BEARISH (Confidence Level: 7/10)
Key Drivers:
- Technical indicators suggest a bearish momentum, with MACD histogram indicating a bearish signal.
- High volatility and beta level indicate high risk.
Primary Risks:
- Potential price breakdown below $4.55 support level.
- High uncertainty surrounding earnings release on July 9, 2025.
Investment Thesis: NDRA stock is at risk of further decline due to strong bearish momentum and high volatility. Investors should consider reducing their exposure or hedging positions.
Recent News Sentiment Impact: No recent news available; however, the market has been reacting to broader sector trends.
Technical Analysis
Trend Direction:
- Short-term (1-4 weeks): BEARISH
- Medium-term (1-3 months): BEARISH
- Long-term (3-12 months): NEUTRAL
Support/Resistance Levels: $4.55, $5.68, and $6.81 represent key price levels.
Momentum Signals:
- RSI interpretation: Neutral zone (30-70) indicates no clear momentum signal.
- MACD signal: Bearish crossover (-0.09 / -0.08).
- Bollinger Bands position: Squeeze, indicating potential breakout or mean reversion.
Volume Analysis: Volume trends suggest institutional interest with a volume rate of change at 82.17%.
News & Sentiment Analysis
Recent Headlines Summary: No recent news available.
Sentiment Assessment: Neutral (no clear sentiment due to lack of recent news).
Catalyst Identification: Upcoming earnings release on July 9, 2025, could be a significant catalyst.
Market Narrative: Broader sector trends have been driving the market's reaction.
Risk & Volatility Assessment
Beta Interpretation: High risk relative to market (beta >1.2).
Volatility Regime: Current volatility is high relative to historical levels.
Options Market Signals: No options data available.
Downside Protection: $4.55 support level could provide some downside protection.
Market Context & Positioning
Sector Performance: Relative strength vs sector/market is neutral.
Institutional Activity: Volume patterns suggest institutional interest, indicating potential market-moving events.
Correlation Analysis: How stock moves relative to market (R-squared interpretation) is high at 0.20, indicating a strong correlation.
Relative Valuation: Position within trading range indicates some uncertainty.
Key Levels & Action Items
Critical Price Levels:
- Support: $4.55
- Resistance: $5.68 and $6.81
Breakout/Breakdown Levels:
- Breakout above $6.81 could signal a reversal.
- Breakdown below $4.55 could indicate further decline.
Time-Sensitive Catalysts: Earnings release on July 9, 2025, is a critical event.
Risk Management: Consider reducing exposure or hedging positions to manage risk.
This comprehensive analysis provides an objective assessment of the stock's performance, highlighting key drivers and primary risks. The bearish momentum, high volatility, and upcoming earnings release are significant factors to consider when making investment decisions about NDRA.
Generated
News
All NDRA news →
NDRA Options Activity & IV Rank
Loading options activity...
Spread Scanner GPU
Each spread is ranked by a composite score built in three stages. Full documentation →
Stage 1 — Base Score (GPU scanner)
score = P(profit) × (credit / spread_width)
P(profit) from short leg delta (1 − |delta|), penalised above 85%. Credit uses mid-price to handle illiquid chains fairly.
Stage 2 — Skew Adjustment (±25% cap)
RR and BF (30-delta) from the persisted per-symbol skew snapshot — wing strikes picked by real greeks.delta, not a moneyness proxy. Put skew boosts bull puts, penalises bear calls. High butterfly boosts iron condors. Calendars are skew-neutral.
Stage 3 — Technical Overlay (±50% cap, 5 groups)
Group 1 · Directional Bias (±0.25)
- RSI <40 bullish / >60 bearish
- MACD crossover + histogram trend
- Price vs SMA 50 & SMA 200
Group 2 · Momentum (±0.10)
- Stochastic %K <20 / >80
- Williams %R <−80 / >−20
Group 3 · Volatility (up to −0.25 / +0.15)
- Blended ATR + straddle expected-move penalty
- Bollinger Band signal (+ counter-trend penalty)
- BB width — vol contraction boost for ICs
Group 4 · IV Regime (±0.15)
- IV rank ≥ 75 → strong boost for credit spreads
- IV rank < 25 → penalty (selling cheap vol)
Group 5 · Liquidity (penalty up to −0.10)
- Min open interest across all legs
- OI < 100 → −0.10 · OI < 500 → −0.05
score = base_score × skew_multiplier × tech_multiplier
Both multipliers are shown per spread. Beta is informational only — ATR already captures realized vol. Full algorithm documentation →
Enter a ticker to scan for optimal spread opportunities.
Evaluates all bull put, bear call, iron condor, and calendar spread combinations using GPU-accelerated analysis.
Skew (Wing IV − ATM IV)
DTE:
Wing Δ:
Wing vs ATM
IV(put wing) − IV(ATM), in vol pointsHow much the OTM put trades above (or below) the at-the-money strike. Measures the height of the put-side tail relative to ATM — i.e. how expensive crash insurance is on this name.
- Positive (typical) — wing IV > ATM IV. Standard equity put skew: portfolios bid up crash protection, so OTM puts trade richer than ATM.
- Near zero or negative (unusual) — wing IV ≤ ATM IV. Flat or inverted put side. Common when there's no fear demand, in tightly mean-reverting names, or right after an earnings catalyst clears.
- Percentile vs own 3-yr history: high = wings rich (good time to sell wing premium); low = wings cheap (good time to buy protection).
- Not directional — high or low wings don't predict up or down moves. It's a price tag on tail insurance, not a forecast.
Risk Reversal
IV(call wing) − IV(put wing), equal delta on each sideWhich side of the smile is the market paying up for? Measures the tilt of the surface — call skew vs put skew at matched deltas.
- Negative (typical) — puts richer than calls. Standard equity behavior: hedging demand makes puts carry a premium. Most large-caps sit in the −1 to −5 vol-point range.
- Strongly negative (< −5 pts) — heavy downside hedging, elevated fear, or an upcoming catalyst (earnings, FDA, macro event). Worth flagging.
- Positive — calls richer than puts. Unusual for equities; signals bullish momentum, short-squeeze positioning, or takeover/M&A speculation.
- Near zero — symmetric surface. Market sees roughly equal up/down risk. Rare for large-caps; more common in commodities and FX.
Reading them together
Wing-vs-ATM tells you how expensive the tails are. Risk Reversal tells you which side is favored. Combined:
- High wing percentile + deeply negative RR → strong put bid; stress or major event priced in. Owning protection costs a premium; selling put premium is dangerous.
- Low wing percentile + near-zero RR → complacency; insurance cheap and balanced. Good environment to add cheap downside hedges.
- Positive RR + elevated wings → call-side fear-of-missing-out; common in squeeze setups. Upside calls expensive, downside puts not bid.
14 DTE / 10d
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pts
EXTREME
ATM — / Wing —
30 DTE / 10d
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pts
EXTREME
ATM — / Wing —
Extreme reading.
Historically these have been contrarian — on the small set of observed earnings-day cases, large negative wing-vs-ATM gaps (calls pricing much richer than puts at the same delta) preceded sharp drops in the underlying within 1-12 days. Not financial advice and the dataset is small.
Percentile is the rank of today's reading within ~3 years of this symbol's own history. High percentile = wings are rich relative to history; not a directional signal. Skew is read off the chain in real time, not from CBOE SKEW.
Volatility Surface
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility surface.
Volatility Smile
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility smile.
IV Rank (7 DTE)
IV Rank (30 DTE)
Straddle Price (30 DTE)
Beta Analysis
Risk Metrics
Beta: 1.0232
Alpha: 32.25%
Correlation: 0.1227
R-Squared: 1.5%
Stock Volatility: 106.3%
Market Volatility: 12.7%
Analysis Details
Benchmark: SPY
Data Points: 251
Period: 252 trading days
Data Points: 251
Period: 252 trading days
Interpretation:
Above average volatility - stock moves with market amplification
Above average volatility - stock moves with market amplification
Beta & Alpha Over Time
Notable investors who own NDRA
1 of 37 tracked investors
| Investor | Value | Share of their portfolio | Rank | Q/Q shares | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citadel Hedge fund Ken Griffin | $159K | #5589 of 6285 | new | 13F |
Hedge funds, activists, holding companies and family offices we track, from their latest 13F (quarter-end value) and Form 4 filings in the last 3 years. Family offices · all institutions
NDRA Institutional Ownership (13F)
Latest filings — 2026-09-30Institutional managers with $100M+ AUM file Form 13F-HR quarterly, due 45 days after quarter end. Holdings are reported gross at quarter-end market value — they are a snapshot, not a real-time position.
- Shares — long equity positions in this name, aggregated across share classes.
- Calls / Puts — notional value of long call / put exposure where this ticker is the underlying.
- % of Float — holder's reported shares divided by the latest diluted shares outstanding. Sums above 100% indicate large custodian / prime broker positions where the same shares are reported by multiple filers.
- Custodian badge — filers with more than 5,000 holdings are typically broker-dealers / custodians reporting customer-held shares, not active managers.
Each filer is counted once at its latest 13F-HR filing. New filings are ingested on a weekly cadence.
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|
NDRA Insider Trading (Form 4)
Latest: 2026-03-04Form 4 filings — insider beneficial-ownership changes by officers, directors, and 10%+ holders. Filed within 2 business days of transaction.
| Filed | Reporter | Role | Action | Shares | Avg Price | Net $ | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-03-04 | Richard Jacroux | Chief Financial Officer | Award (A) | +13,461 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-03-04 | Alexander Y Tokman | Chief Executive Officer | Award (A) | +26,921 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-01-23 | Richard Jacroux | Chief Financial Officer | Award (A) | +20,000 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-01-23 | Anthony Digiandomenico | Director | Award (A) | +60,324 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-01-23 | Alexander Y Tokman | Chief Executive Officer | Award (A) | +75,000 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-01-23 | Lou Basenese | Director | Award (A) | +60,324 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-01-23 | Michael Harsh | Director | Award (A) | +60,324 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2025-10-15 | Anthony Digiandomenico | Director | Award (A) | +70,822 | $7.06 | $500.0K | EDGAR |
| 2025-07-01 | Anthony Digiandomenico | Director | Award (A) | +5,384 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2025-07-01 | Michael Harsh | Director | Award (A) | +5,384 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2025-07-01 | Lou Basenese | Director | Award (A) | +5,384 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2024-09-05 | UBS Group AG | Buy (P) | — | — | EDGAR | ||
| 2024-08-29 | UBS Group AG | 10%+ Owner | Buy (P) | +3,715 | $0.55 | $2.1K | EDGAR |
| 2024-02-23 | Michael Harsh | Director | Grant (A) | +600 opt | — | EDGAR | |
| 2024-02-23 | Anthony Digiandomenico | Director | Grant (A) | +600 opt | — | EDGAR |
Codes: P = open-market purchase · S = open-market sale · A = grant/award · M = option exercise · F = tax withholding at vest · G = bona-fide gift · D = disposition to issuer · J = other (described in filing footnote — typically 401(k), trust, inheritance) · W = will/inheritance. Only P / S codes carry directional signal.
NDRA Insider Holdings
5 insiders · @ $4.78
Officers, directors, and 10%+ owners who have filed a Form 4 in the past two years, ranked by current disclosed exposure (shares × today's price). Shares are direct + indirect (via trusts / LLCs / spouse). Excludes unvested RSU and option grants — those aren't beneficially owned until vest.
| # | Insider | Role | Shares | Disclosed Exposure | Lifetime OM Net | Filings | Last Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anthony Digiandomenico | Director | 136,589 | $652.9K | $100.0K | 6 | 2026-01-23 |
| 2 | Alexander Y Tokman | Chief Executive Officer | 101,926 | $487.2K | $26.5K | 7 | 2026-03-04 |
| 3 | Michael Harsh | Director | 65,710 | $314.1K | $0 | 4 | 2026-01-23 |
| 4 | Lou Basenese | Director | 65,709 | $314.1K | $0 | 4 | 2026-01-23 |
| 5 | Richard Jacroux | Chief Financial Officer | 33,461 | $159.9K | $0 | 2 | 2026-03-04 |
Lifetime OM Net = signed sum of open-market buys (P) and sells (S) over their career; excludes grants, tax withholdings, and dispositions to issuer. A large negative number is normal for long-tenured executives — they've sold compensation grants over many years.
NDRA Board & Officers
As of SEC filings through Oct 8, 2026Directors 4
- Alexander Y Tokman · since May 8, 2017
- Anthony Digiandomenico · since May 8, 2017
- Michael Harsh · since May 8, 2017
- Lou Basenese · since Apr 9, 2020
Officers 2
- Alexander Y Tokman · Chief Executive Officer · listed since Jan 2026
- Richard Jacroux · Chief Financial Officer · since Aug 8, 2024
10% owners 2
- ASP Isotopes Inc. (entity) · since Oct 1, 2026
- LHE LNG Holdings LLC (entity) · since Oct 1, 2026
Changes in the last 10 years (20)
| Oct 1, 2026 | LHE LNG Holdings LLC became a 10% owner |
| Oct 1, 2026 | ASP Isotopes Inc. became a 10% owner |
| Jan 23, 2026 | Alexander Y Tokman first listed as Chief Executive Officer in an SEC filing |
| Aug 29, 2024 | UBS Group AG reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Aug 27, 2024 | UBS Group AG became a 10% owner |
| Aug 8, 2024 | Richard Jacroux became Chief Financial Officer |
| Dec 21, 2022 | The company announced the departure of Renaud Bertrand Maloberti as Chief Commercial Officer in an SEC filing |
| Jun 18, 2021 | Irina Pestrikova became Senior Director, Finance |
| Apr 9, 2020 | Lou Basenese became a director |
| May 28, 2019 | Renaud Bertrand Maloberti became Chief Commercial Officer |
| May 9, 2017 | Longboard Capital Advisors, LLC became a 10% owner |
| May 9, 2017 | Brett Conrad became a 10% owner |
| May 8, 2017 | Sanjiv Sam Gambhir became a director |
| May 8, 2017 | Michael Milos Thornton became Chief Technology Officer |
| May 8, 2017 | Michael Harsh became a director |
| May 8, 2017 | Francois Roger Michelon became a director |
| May 8, 2017 | Francois Roger Michelon became Chief Executive Officer |
| May 8, 2017 | David R. Wells became Chief Financial Officer |
| May 8, 2017 | Anthony Digiandomenico became a director |
| May 8, 2017 | Alexander Y Tokman became a director |
Not reported recently (7)
- Francois Roger Michelon · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Jun 25, 2024
- Michael Milos Thornton · Last reported as Chief Technology Officer in an SEC filing dated May 22, 2023
- Irina Pestrikova · Last reported as Senior Director, Finance in an SEC filing dated Feb 1, 2023
- David R. Wells · Last reported as Chief Financial Officer in an SEC filing dated Apr 7, 2021
- Sanjiv Sam Gambhir · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 13, 2020
- Longboard Capital Advisors, LLC · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Oct 24, 2018
- Brett Conrad · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Oct 24, 2018
Compiled from SEC filings by the company and its directors and officers. Dates are as stated in those filings. Where no filing says when someone left, we show the last filing that listed them.
NDRA Proposed Insider Sales (Form 144)
Latest: 2026-06-25
? Form 144 Guide
Last 30d:
0 filings
· Last 90d:
0 filings
What is Form 144? A notice of intent to sell restricted or control stock under Rule 144. Affiliates (officers, directors, 10%+ owners) and holders of restricted shares must file Form 144 when planning to sell more than 5,000 shares or $50,000 in any 3-month rolling window.
How it relates to Form 4: Form 144 is filed before the trade (up to 90 days in advance); Form 4 is filed within 2 business days after the trade executes. Not every Form 144 results in a sale — the filer may cancel or delay. Look for the corresponding Form 4 on the Insider Activity card to confirm a sale actually happened.
10b5-1 plans: Trades made under a pre-scheduled Rule 10b5-1 plan are not discretionary — they execute automatically on dates set months earlier, regardless of news. High 10b5-1 percentages mean less per-filing signal value, though cumulative selling volume still matters.
"Notice value": Aggregate market value the filer wrote into the Form 144 — i.e. the size of the planned sale, not necessarily the executed dollars. An amended notice (Form 144/A) replaces the original it amends, and cancelled notices are dropped, so neither is double-counted above. A filed value that is clearly inconsistent with the share count at the stock's price (a filer typo) shows as a dash and is left out of the totals.
Source & freshness: Sourced from public Form 144 filings. Refreshed daily; new filings typically appear here the morning after they are filed.
| Filed | Filer | Role | Shares | Notice Value | Planned Sale | Broker | Plan | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-25 | Anthony DiGiandomenico | Board Member | 70,822 | $425.0K | 2026-06-26 | MDB Capital, | — | EDGAR |
Notice value is the aggregate market value the filer states they intend to sell — not a confirmed transaction. Compare to Insider Activity (Form 4) to see which planned sales actually executed. Market-wide feed: Planned sales (Form 144).
ETF Holders
1 ETF hold NDRA
1 shown · $43.74K total exposure
| # | ETF | Provider | Weight | $ Exposure | ETF AUM | As Of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VXF Vanguard Extended Market ETF | Vanguard | 0.00% | $43,740 | — | 2026-09-30 |
Fundamentals
Quarterly filings sourced from SEC 10-Q / 10-K reports. TTM tiles aggregate the most recent four quarters; bars show the last ~12 quarters oldest → newest.
Metrics
- Revenue — top-line sales. Look for consistent YoY growth; seasonal businesses need same-quarter comparisons (Q4 '24 vs Q4 '23).
- Net Income — bottom-line profit after all expenses. Can be volatile from one-time items; red bars = net loss.
- Diluted EPS — net income per share assuming options/converts are exercised. Direct input to the P/E ratio.
- Operating Cash Flow — cash generated from core operations, before capex and financing. Harder to manipulate than net income; growing OCF is a quality signal.
How to read the bars
- Sequential growth — quarter-over-quarter trend. Accelerating bars are a momentum signal.
- YoY growth — compare to the same quarter a year earlier to remove seasonality.
- Quality — OCF should roughly track Net Income over time. Large divergence (net income ≫ OCF) flags accruals risk.
- Margins — scan the bar ratios: Net Income / Revenue tells you margin trend without needing a separate chart.
TTM (trailing-twelve-month) smooths seasonality and is used for the P/E calculation. Filings appear 30–90 days after the period closes.