SER Serina Therapeutics, Inc.

XASE
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Stock quote, options chain, IV rank, technicals, AI analysis, and institutional ownership. Iron condor setups Fibonacci levels Insider trading

Market data may be delayed, incomplete, or inaccurate. Not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security. Verify quotes with your broker before trading. See Terms §17.

SER — —
Key stats
About
Industry (SIC)
PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS (2834) · industry map
Exchange
XASE
Market Cap
$0.0B
Employees
16
List Date
2024-03-27
CIK
0001708599
Next Earnings
2026-11-12
Headquarters
Huntsville, AL
Homepage
https://www.serinatherapeutics.com

Serina Therapeutics Inc is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing a pipeline of wholly-owned drug product candidates to treat neurological diseases and pain. Serina's POZ Platform delivery technology is engineered to provide control in drug loading and more precision in the rate of release of attached drugs, enabling the potential of certain challenging small molecules, while addressing the limitations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and other biocompatible polymers. The company has one reportable segment relating to the research and development of its POZ platform. The segment derives…

Summary
—
composite
—
No summary data available for this symbol yet.

Each spoke is this symbol's rank within its sector (0–100; the dotted ring marks the sector median at 50). Higher is more constructive for a long. One spoke — News sentiment — is an absolute reading, not a sector rank. Grayed spokes have no data. A fuller shape is a summary, not a recommendation.

Chart
Seasonality
'24'25'26Avg
Jan---7.84%56.40%24.28%
Feb--1.43%-33.82%-16.20%
Mar-9.49%14.15%9.60%4.75%
Apr-24.76%18.16%-14.15%-6.92%
May13.37%12.99%1.27%9.21%
Jun-1.79%4.41%7.18%3.27%
Jul5.07%-7.97%2.04%-0.29%
Aug-7.10%0.57%17.48%3.65%
Sep-15.21%0.94%-20.00%-11.42%
Oct-4.62%-4.76%-0.51%-3.30%
Nov-23.59%-8.97%-25.68%*-19.41%
Dec5.47%-50.95%---22.74%
Total-51.76%-40.91%-25.04%-39.24%
* Only 3 year(s) of data available.
Technical Indicators

Quick-reference for reading the values below. Indicators combine to confirm a view — no single one is a trade signal on its own.

Trend Indicators
  • SMA 20 / 50 / 200 — price above = uptrend, below = downtrend. SMA 50 crossing SMA 200 is the golden/death cross.
  • EMA 12 / 26 — faster-reacting averages; 12 above 26 is short-term bullish.
  • MACD — bullish when MACD > signal (green badge), bearish when below. Divergence from price often precedes reversals.
  • ADX (14) — trend strength regardless of direction. <20 range, 20–25 weak trend, 25–50 trend, >50 strong trend.
  • +DI / −DI — +DI > −DI favors bulls; the reverse favors bears. Read alongside ADX.
Momentum Oscillators
  • RSI (14) — <30 oversold, >70 overbought. 40–60 is neutral; trending names can stay extreme.
  • Stochastic %K / %D — <20 oversold, >80 overbought. %K crossing %D is an early momentum signal.
  • Williams %R — inverted scale: <−80 oversold, >−20 overbought.

Oscillators work best in range-bound markets; in strong trends they give premature reversal signals.

Volume & Volatility
  • Bollinger Bands — price at upper band = overbought, lower = oversold. Narrow bands (squeeze) often precede expansion.
  • OBV — cumulative volume; rising OBV confirms uptrend, falling OBV confirms downtrend. Divergence from price is a warning.
  • Vol SMA 20 / Vol ROC — today's volume vs. 20-day average. Positive ROC with price move = conviction.
  • ATR / True Range — average daily $ move; sizing and stop-loss reference.
  • HV 20 / 30 / 60 — realized (historical) volatility. Compare to IV on the options cards: IV > HV = rich premium.

Confluence matters: trend + momentum + volume agreeing carries far more weight than any single indicator. For how these feed the spread scanner score, see the algorithm docs →

Trend Indicators

SMA 20: $1.74
SMA 50: $2.05
SMA 200: $2.06
Current: $1.38
EMA 12: $1.71
EMA 26: $1.82
MACD: -0.1093 | Signal: -0.0064
BEARISH
ADX (14): 33.44
TREND
+DI: 17.86
−DI: 29.62

Momentum Oscillators

RSI (14): 30.54
NEUTRAL
Stoch %K: 26.03
Stoch %D: 33.70
Williams %R: -83.33

Volume & Volatility

BB Upper: $1.99
BB Lower: $1.48
OVERSOLD
OBV: 228,408,257
Vol SMA 20: 70,878
Vol ROC: 5098.78%
ATR: $0.26
True Range: $0.57
HV 20: 103.7%
HV 30: 88.0%
HV 60: 84.1%

Data Summary

Data Points: 500
Last Updated:
Date Range: 2024-11-05T00:00:00 – 2026-11-05T00:00:00
AI Analysis

Error: LLM service unavailable

Generated
News
All SER news →

SER Options Activity & IV Rank

Loading options activity...
Spread Scanner GPU
Full Algorithm Docs ↗

Each spread is ranked by a composite score built in three stages. Full documentation →

Stage 1 — Base Score (GPU scanner)

score = P(profit) × (credit / spread_width)
P(profit) from short leg delta (1 − |delta|), penalised above 85%. Credit uses mid-price to handle illiquid chains fairly.

Stage 2 — Skew Adjustment (±25% cap)

RR and BF (30-delta) from the persisted per-symbol skew snapshot — wing strikes picked by real greeks.delta, not a moneyness proxy. Put skew boosts bull puts, penalises bear calls. High butterfly boosts iron condors. Calendars are skew-neutral.

Stage 3 — Technical Overlay (±50% cap, 5 groups)
Group 1 · Directional Bias (±0.25)
  • RSI <40 bullish / >60 bearish
  • MACD crossover + histogram trend
  • Price vs SMA 50 & SMA 200
Group 2 · Momentum (±0.10)
  • Stochastic %K <20 / >80
  • Williams %R <−80 / >−20
Group 3 · Volatility (up to −0.25 / +0.15)
  • Blended ATR + straddle expected-move penalty
  • Bollinger Band signal (+ counter-trend penalty)
  • BB width — vol contraction boost for ICs
Group 4 · IV Regime (±0.15)
  • IV rank ≥ 75 → strong boost for credit spreads
  • IV rank < 25 → penalty (selling cheap vol)
Group 5 · Liquidity (penalty up to −0.10)
  • Min open interest across all legs
  • OI < 100 → −0.10 · OI < 500 → −0.05

score = base_score × skew_multiplier × tech_multiplier
Both multipliers are shown per spread. Beta is informational only — ATR already captures realized vol. Full algorithm documentation →

Enter a ticker to scan for optimal spread opportunities.

Evaluates all bull put, bear call, iron condor, and calendar spread combinations using GPU-accelerated analysis.

Skew (Wing IV − ATM IV)
DTE:
Wing Δ:
Metric:
Wing vs ATM
IV(put wing) − IV(ATM), in vol points

How much the OTM put trades above (or below) the at-the-money strike. Measures the height of the put-side tail relative to ATM — i.e. how expensive crash insurance is on this name.

  • Positive (typical) — wing IV > ATM IV. Standard equity put skew: portfolios bid up crash protection, so OTM puts trade richer than ATM.
  • Near zero or negative (unusual) — wing IV ≤ ATM IV. Flat or inverted put side. Common when there's no fear demand, in tightly mean-reverting names, or right after an earnings catalyst clears.
  • Percentile vs own 3-yr history: high = wings rich (good time to sell wing premium); low = wings cheap (good time to buy protection).
  • Not directional — high or low wings don't predict up or down moves. It's a price tag on tail insurance, not a forecast.
Risk Reversal
IV(call wing) − IV(put wing), equal delta on each side

Which side of the smile is the market paying up for? Measures the tilt of the surface — call skew vs put skew at matched deltas.

  • Negative (typical) — puts richer than calls. Standard equity behavior: hedging demand makes puts carry a premium. Most large-caps sit in the −1 to −5 vol-point range.
  • Strongly negative (< −5 pts) — heavy downside hedging, elevated fear, or an upcoming catalyst (earnings, FDA, macro event). Worth flagging.
  • Positive — calls richer than puts. Unusual for equities; signals bullish momentum, short-squeeze positioning, or takeover/M&A speculation.
  • Near zero — symmetric surface. Market sees roughly equal up/down risk. Rare for large-caps; more common in commodities and FX.
Reading them together

Wing-vs-ATM tells you how expensive the tails are. Risk Reversal tells you which side is favored. Combined:

  • High wing percentile + deeply negative RR → strong put bid; stress or major event priced in. Owning protection costs a premium; selling put premium is dangerous.
  • Low wing percentile + near-zero RR → complacency; insurance cheap and balanced. Good environment to add cheap downside hedges.
  • Positive RR + elevated wings → call-side fear-of-missing-out; common in squeeze setups. Upside calls expensive, downside puts not bid.
14 DTE / 10d —
— pts EXTREME
ATM — / Wing —
30 DTE / 10d —
— pts EXTREME
ATM — / Wing —

Percentile is the rank of today's reading within ~3 years of this symbol's own history. High percentile = wings are rich relative to history; not a directional signal. Skew is read off the chain in real time, not from CBOE SKEW.

Volatility Surface

Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility surface.

Volatility Smile

Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility smile.

IV Rank (7 DTE)
IV Rank (30 DTE)
Straddle Price (30 DTE)
Beta Analysis

Risk Metrics

Beta: 1.1978
Alpha: -41.82%
Correlation: 0.1161
R-Squared: 1.3%
Stock Volatility: 139.9%
Market Volatility: 13.6%

Analysis Details

Benchmark: SPY
Data Points: 251
Period: 252 trading days
Interpretation:
Above average volatility - stock moves with market amplification
Beta & Alpha Over Time
Notable investors who own SER
1 of 37 tracked investors
InvestorValueShare of their portfolioRankQ/Q sharesSource
Rockefeller Capital Management Family office
Rockefeller family
$0K
0.00%
#4719 of 47290.0%13F

Hedge funds, activists, holding companies and family offices we track, from their latest 13F (quarter-end value) and Form 4 filings in the last 3 years. Family offices · all institutions

SER Institutional Ownership (13F)

Latest filings — 2026-09-30

Institutional managers with $100M+ AUM file Form 13F-HR quarterly, due 45 days after quarter end. Holdings are reported gross at quarter-end market value — they are a snapshot, not a real-time position.

  • Shares — long equity positions in this name, aggregated across share classes.
  • Calls / Puts — notional value of long call / put exposure where this ticker is the underlying.
  • % of Float — holder's reported shares divided by the latest diluted shares outstanding. Sums above 100% indicate large custodian / prime broker positions where the same shares are reported by multiple filers.
  • Custodian badge — filers with more than 5,000 holdings are typically broker-dealers / custodians reporting customer-held shares, not active managers.

Each filer is counted once at its latest 13F-HR filing. New filings are ingested on a weekly cadence.

28 filers1,586,512 shares$3.07M value
# Filer Shares Value % of Total % of Float Period
1 Sio Capital Management, LLC 1,000,000 $1.94M 63.12% — 2026-06-30
2 Vanguard Group Inc Custodian 180,013 $344.37K 11.20% — 2025-12-31
3 Vanguard Capital Management LLC 162,198 $314.66K 10.24% — 2026-06-30
4 Waverly Advisors, LLC 67,492 $130.93K 4.26% — 2026-06-30
5 Geode Capital Management, LLC Custodian 51,007 $98.95K 3.22% — 2026-06-30
6 Keel Point, LLC 21,508 $41.73K 1.36% — 2026-06-30
7 Northern Trust Corp Custodian 20,771 $40.30K 1.31% — 2026-06-30
8 Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Co 20,009 $38.82K 1.26% — 2026-06-30
9 Avidian Wealth Enterprises, LLC 18,800 $37.60K 1.22% — 2026-09-30
10 Jane Street Group, LLC Custodian 15,444 $29.96K 0.97% — 2026-06-30
11 State Street Corp 12,758 $24.75K 0.81% — 2026-06-30
12 Caitong International Asset Management Co., Ltd 3,682 $7.36K 0.24% — 2026-09-30
13 Wells Fargo & Company Custodian 3,611 $7.01K 0.23% — 2026-06-30
14 Tower Research Capital LLC (TRC) Custodian 2,570 $4.99K 0.16% — 2026-06-30
15 BlackRock, Inc. Custodian 2,378 $4.61K 0.15% — 2026-06-30
16 OSAIC HOLDINGS, INC. Custodian 2,002 $3.88K 0.13% — 2026-06-30
17 UBS Group AG Custodian 1,347 $2.61K 0.09% — 2026-06-30
18 Barclays PLC Custodian 545 $1.06K 0.03% — 2026-06-30
19 Piscataqua Savings Bank 28 $56 <0.01% — 2026-09-30
20 Morgan Stanley Custodian 14 $28 <0.01% — 2026-06-30
21 ALBION FINANCIAL GROUP /UT 8 $16 <0.01% — 2026-09-30
22 Pacifica Partners Inc. 8 $16 <0.01% — 2026-09-30
23 BNP Paribas Financial Markets Custodian 2 $4 <0.01% — 2026-06-30
24 Rockefeller Capital Management L.P. Custodian 2 $4 <0.01% — 2026-06-30
25 JPMorgan Chase & Co Custodian 1 $2 <0.01% — 2026-06-30
# Filer Notional Value % of Total Period
# Filer Notional Value % of Total Period

SER Insider Trading (Form 4)

Latest: 2026-07-23
Form 4 filings — insider beneficial-ownership changes by officers, directors, and 10%+ holders. Filed within 2 business days of transaction.
Filed Reporter Role Action Shares Avg Price Net $ Link
2026-07-23 Farrell Simon Director Grant (A) +30,500 opt — EDGAR
2026-07-09 Stephen K. Brannan Director Buy (P) +1,000 $2.03 $2.0K EDGAR
2026-06-22 Stephen K. Brannan Director Grant (A) +15,250 opt — EDGAR
2026-06-22 Jay Venkatesan Director Mixed +224,741 $2.25 $505.4K EDGAR
2026-06-22 Gregory Bailey Director Conv (C) +8,437,472 $2.25 $18.98M EDGAR
2026-06-22 Karen J Wilson Director Award (A) — — EDGAR
2026-06-22 Richard Peter Marshall Director Grant (A) +15,250 opt — EDGAR
2026-06-15 Karen J Wilson Director Buy (P) +10,100 $1.76 $17.7K EDGAR
2026-05-27 Steven A Ledger Chief Executive Officer Award (A) +10,100 $1.93 $19.5K EDGAR
2026-05-26 Srini Tenjarla SVP, CMC & Formulation Grant (A) +85,558 opt — EDGAR
2026-05-26 Steven A Ledger Chief Executive Officer Grant (A) +380,825 opt — EDGAR
2026-05-26 Karen J Wilson Director Buy (P) +20,000 $1.85 $37.0K EDGAR
2026-05-26 Randall Moreadith Chief Scientific Officer Grant (A) +85,558 opt — EDGAR
2026-05-26 Gregory S Curhan Chief Financial Officer Grant (A) +123,019 opt — EDGAR
2026-05-22 Richard Peter Marshall Director Buy (P) +12,183 $1.65 $20.1K EDGAR
Codes: P = open-market purchase · S = open-market sale · A = grant/award · M = option exercise · F = tax withholding at vest · G = bona-fide gift · D = disposition to issuer · J = other (described in filing footnote — typically 401(k), trust, inheritance) · W = will/inheritance. Only P / S codes carry directional signal.

SER Insider Holdings

7 insiders · @ $1.38
Officers, directors, and 10%+ owners who have filed a Form 4 in the past two years, ranked by current disclosed exposure (shares × today's price). Shares are direct + indirect (via trusts / LLCs / spouse). Excludes unvested RSU and option grants — those aren't beneficially owned until vest.
# Insider Role Shares Disclosed Exposure Lifetime OM Net Filings Last Filed
1 Juvenescence Ltd 10%+ Owner 2,767,188 $3.80M $0 1 2025-02-03
2 Gregory Bailey Director 1,897,445 $2.61M $504.8K 16 2026-06-22
3 Jay Venkatesan Director 232,294 $319.4K $1.0K 5 2026-06-22
4 Karen J Wilson Director 30,100 $41.4K $54.7K 5 2026-06-22
5 Richard Peter Marshall Director 12,183 $16.8K $20.1K 4 2026-06-22
6 Steven A Ledger Chief Executive Officer 10,100 $13.9K $0 5 2026-05-27
7 Stephen K. Brannan Director 1,000 $1.4K $2.0K 4 2026-07-09
Lifetime OM Net = signed sum of open-market buys (P) and sells (S) over their career; excludes grants, tax withholdings, and dispositions to issuer. A large negative number is normal for long-tenured executives — they've sold compensation grants over many years.

SER Board & Officers

As of SEC filings through Jul 23, 2026

Directors 8

Officers 4

Changes in the last 10 years (39)
Jul 22, 2026Farrell Simon became a director
May 22, 2025The company announced the departure of Remy Gross from the board in an SEC filing
May 22, 2025Stephen K. Brannan became a director
Feb 12, 2025Jay Venkatesan became a director
Feb 11, 2025The company announced the departure of J Milton Harris from the board in an SEC filing
Jan 14, 2025The company announced the departure of Steven Mintz from the board in an SEC filing
Jan 14, 2025Karen J Wilson became a director
Sep 11, 2024Steven A Ledger listed as Chief Executive Officer (previously Interim CEO) in SEC filings
Aug 15, 2024Gregory S Curhan became Chief Financial Officer
Jul 15, 2024Srini Tenjarla became SVP, CMC & Formulation
Jul 9, 2024The company announced the departure of Tacey Viegas as COO and Secretary in an SEC filing
Apr 12, 2024Simba Gill became a director
Mar 26, 2024Tacey Viegas became COO and Secretary
Mar 26, 2024Steven A Ledger became a director
Mar 26, 2024Steven A Ledger became Interim CEO
Mar 26, 2024Richard Peter Marshall became a director
Mar 26, 2024Remy Gross became a director
Mar 26, 2024Randall Moreadith became Chief Scientific Officer
Mar 26, 2024J Milton Harris became a director
Jan 8, 2024Steven Mintz became a director
Not reported recently (14)
  • Juvenescence Ltd · Last reported as a 10% owner in an SEC filing dated Feb 3, 2025
  • Joanne M. Hackett · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Dec 13, 2023
  • Jean-Christophe Renondin · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Dec 13, 2023
  • Juvenescence US Corp. · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Mar 22, 2023
  • Michael D West · Last reported as Chief Executive Officer in an SEC filing dated Mar 14, 2023
  • Annalisa Jenkins · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Jun 23, 2021
  • Michael H May · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Jun 23, 2021
  • Hal Sternberg · Last reported as Vice President-Research in an SEC filing dated Jun 8, 2021
  • Judith Segall · Last reported as Director, Admin & Secretary in an SEC filing dated Jun 8, 2021
  • Nafees Naseer Malik · Last reported as Chief Operating Officer in an SEC filing dated Jun 8, 2021
  • Andrea Eun Jae Park · Last reported as Chief Financial Officer in an SEC filing dated Jun 8, 2021
  • John F Mauldin · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Mar 20, 2019
  • Michael H. Mulroy · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Mar 13, 2019
  • Russell Skibsted · Last reported as Chief Financial Officer in an SEC filing dated Feb 14, 2019
Compiled from SEC filings by the company and its directors and officers. Dates are as stated in those filings. Where no filing says when someone left, we show the last filing that listed them.

SER Proposed Insider Sales (Form 144)

Latest: 2026-01-20
Last 30d: 0 filings  ·  Last 90d: 0 filings

What is Form 144? A notice of intent to sell restricted or control stock under Rule 144. Affiliates (officers, directors, 10%+ owners) and holders of restricted shares must file Form 144 when planning to sell more than 5,000 shares or $50,000 in any 3-month rolling window.

How it relates to Form 4: Form 144 is filed before the trade (up to 90 days in advance); Form 4 is filed within 2 business days after the trade executes. Not every Form 144 results in a sale — the filer may cancel or delay. Look for the corresponding Form 4 on the Insider Activity card to confirm a sale actually happened.

10b5-1 plans: Trades made under a pre-scheduled Rule 10b5-1 plan are not discretionary — they execute automatically on dates set months earlier, regardless of news. High 10b5-1 percentages mean less per-filing signal value, though cumulative selling volume still matters.

"Notice value": Aggregate market value the filer wrote into the Form 144 — i.e. the size of the planned sale, not necessarily the executed dollars. An amended notice (Form 144/A) replaces the original it amends, and cancelled notices are dropped, so neither is double-counted above. A filed value that is clearly inconsistent with the share count at the stock's price (a filer typo) shows as a dash and is left out of the totals.

Source & freshness: Sourced from public Form 144 filings. Refreshed daily; new filings typically appear here the morning after they are filed.

Filed Filer Role Shares Notice Value Planned Sale Broker Plan Link
2026-01-20 Moreadith Randall Officer 91,000 $279.4K 2026-01-20 Stifel Nicolaus & Company Inc 10b5-1 EDGAR
2025-10-14 Moreadith Randall Officer 88,826 $530.2K 2025-10-13 Stifel Nicolaus & Company Inc 10b5-1 EDGAR
2025-06-30 Moreadith Randall Officer 99,674 $576.1K 2025-06-30 Stifel Nicolaus & Company Inc 10b5-1 EDGAR
Notice value is the aggregate market value the filer states they intend to sell — not a confirmed transaction. Compare to Insider Activity (Form 4) to see which planned sales actually executed. Market-wide feed: Planned sales (Form 144).
Recent SEC Filings
Latest: 2026-10-09
Current reports — material events the company must disclose within 4 business days (earnings releases, M&A, executive changes, etc.).
Filing Date Accession Link
2026-10-09 0001708599-26-000060 EDGAR
2026-09-09 0001708599-26-000054 EDGAR
2026-08-27 0001708599-26-000051 EDGAR
2026-08-13 0001708599-26-000048 EDGAR
2026-07-23 0001628280-26-049426 EDGAR
2026-07-22 0001708599-26-000043 EDGAR
2026-06-24 0001708599-26-000040 EDGAR
Annual report — audited financial statements, MD&A, risk factors. Filed 60–90 days after fiscal year-end.
Filing Date Accession Link
Quarterly report — unaudited financials and MD&A. Filed 40–45 days after each of the first three fiscal quarters.
Filing Date Accession Link
2026-08-13 0001708599-26-000047 EDGAR
ETF Holders
9 ETFs hold SER
9 shown · $10.19M total exposure · 0.00% AUM-weighted avg weight
# ETF Provider Weight $ Exposure ETF AUM As Of
1 IEFA iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF iShares (BlackRock) 0.00% $6.2M $188.8B 2026-11-04
2 SCZ iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF iShares (BlackRock) 0.02% $2.9M $12.6B 2026-11-04
3 IEUR iShares Core MSCI Europe ETF iShares (BlackRock) 0.00% $435,144 $9.7B 2026-11-04
4 VTI Vanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF Vanguard 0.00% $263,894 — 2026-09-30
5 VXF Vanguard Extended Market ETF Vanguard 0.00% $105,512 — 2026-09-30
6 IEUS iShares MSCI Europe Small-Cap ETF iShares (BlackRock) 0.05% $84,208 $167.3M 2026-11-04
7 EWUS iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF iShares (BlackRock) 0.17% $71,512 $40.6M 2026-11-04
8 WSML iShares MSCI World Small-Cap ETF iShares (BlackRock) 0.01% $67,518 $657.0M 2026-11-04
9 SPGM State Street® SPDR® Portfolio MSCI Global Stock Market ETF SPDR (State Street) 0.00% $10,589 $1.8B 2026-11-04
Fundamentals

Quarterly filings sourced from SEC 10-Q / 10-K reports. TTM tiles aggregate the most recent four quarters; bars show the last ~12 quarters oldest → newest.

Metrics
  • Revenue — top-line sales. Look for consistent YoY growth; seasonal businesses need same-quarter comparisons (Q4 '24 vs Q4 '23).
  • Net Income — bottom-line profit after all expenses. Can be volatile from one-time items; red bars = net loss.
  • Diluted EPS — net income per share assuming options/converts are exercised. Direct input to the P/E ratio.
  • Operating Cash Flow — cash generated from core operations, before capex and financing. Harder to manipulate than net income; growing OCF is a quality signal.
How to read the bars
  • Sequential growth — quarter-over-quarter trend. Accelerating bars are a momentum signal.
  • YoY growth — compare to the same quarter a year earlier to remove seasonality.
  • Quality — OCF should roughly track Net Income over time. Large divergence (net income ≫ OCF) flags accruals risk.
  • Margins — scan the bar ratios: Net Income / Revenue tells you margin trend without needing a separate chart.

TTM (trailing-twelve-month) smooths seasonality and is used for the P/E calculation. Filings appear 30–90 days after the period closes.