WAB Wabtec Inc.
XNYS
275.51
Delayed
Stock quote, options chain, IV rank, technicals, AI analysis, and institutional ownership. Iron condor setups Expected move IV rank history Fibonacci levels Insider trading
Market data may be delayed, incomplete, or inaccurate. Not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security. Verify quotes with your broker before trading. See Terms §17.
- 52-Week Range
- $193.86 – $306.64
- YTD
- +27.39%
- IV Rank (30D)
- 8.8
- Straddle Price
- $14.35
- P/C Vol Ratio
- 3.12
- Market Cap
- $46.7B
- Open
- $274.23
- Day Range
- $271.14 – $276.02
- Volume
- 316,360
- Prev Close
- $276.47
A blended fair-value estimate combining up to six valuation methods. Each method is weighted by how well it fits the company — DCF down-weights for unprofitable names; DDM only fires for steady dividend payers; comparables down-weight when peer multiples disagree.
- DCF (quality-aware) — projects free cash flow with a horizon that scales to business quality. True compounders (quality 6/6) get 10 years explicit + 10 years fade before terminal; cyclical/struggling names (quality 0-1) get a 5-year terminal cliff. Quality is scored from ROE, gross margin, growth, FCF margin, debt load, and FCF consistency — the same factors that drive market premium for compounders.
- Market-Implied Growth (in Model Inputs) — reverse-DCF that answers "what growth rate is the market pricing in?". Lets you sanity-check the deviation: if implied growth is plausible for the business, the model's bearish flag may be wrong; if implausible, the market may be over-extrapolating.
- DDM (Gordon Growth Dividend Model) — values the stream of future dividends. Only used when trailing yield ≥ 2% and dividend payments are stable — below that the dividend is a token payout and Gordon (which values only the dividend stream) systematically underprices growth names, so those route to DCF + comparables + market anchor instead.
- P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/B, P/S — applies the peer-group median multiple to this company's per-share metric. Peers come from the same set as the "Related symbols" card. Earnings/sales metrics are forward-tilted by the company's recent revenue growth (capped at 25%) so they're comparable to peers' growth-embedded multiples — mimics how analysts use NTM rather than TTM. Per-multiple weights are biased by company quality (e.g. P/B down-weighted for asset-light tech).
- Market Anchor (SMA50) — the 50-day moving average, weighted by recent trading-range stability (tighter Bollinger bands → higher weight). Captures information fundamentals miss (forward consensus, sentiment, supply/demand) — but only when recent trading is steady enough that the market has converged on a view. During wild breakouts or breakdowns the anchor's weight collapses.
- Options Expected (B-L 30d) — the risk-neutral expected stock price at 30-day options expiration, derived from the full implied-volatility surface via Breeden-Litzenberger (second derivative of call price wrt strike → implied PDF, then E[S_T]). Forward-looking, captures all options-implied information (smile, skew, term structure) in one number. Weighted by chain liquidity. SP500-only at present (pre-computed daily). Backtest evidence: adds modest alpha across most bucket × holding combos.
- Blended value — weighted average. Confidence reflects how many methods fired and how tight peer dispersion is.
- Deviation pill — green when blended FV ≥ 10% above current price (undervalued); red when ≥ 10% below; grey otherwise.
| 10-yr Treasury (rf) | 5.12% |
| Beta vs SPY | 0.99 |
| Cost of Equity (CAPM) | 10.05% (VRP-adj) |
| WACC | 9.62% |
| Volatility Risk Premium | +16.7pp (IV − HV30) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 25.1% |
| Rev. Growth (YoY, DCF input) | +5.2% |
| DCF Horizon | 10 years explicit + fade |
| Forward Tilt (NTM/TTM) | ×1.05 (applied to P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/S) |
| Free Cash Flow (TTM) | $1.8B |
| Return on Equity (TTM) | 12.0% |
| Book / Price | 24.2% |
| Gross Margin (TTM) | 35.6% |
| FCF Margin (TTM) | 14.6% |
| Debt / Equity | 0.41 |
| Quality Score | 2/6 — normal (10y DCF) |
| Market-Implied Growth | +14.5% (reverse-DCF on current price) |
| SMA 50 | $287.58 (Market Anchor value) |
| SMA 20 / Bollinger Mid | $286.74 |
| Bollinger Width / SMA20 | 1.8% (drives anchor stability) |
| Net Debt | $4.2B |
| Market Cap | $47B |
| Method | Implied Price | Weight | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| DCF | $152.30 | 21% | |
| DDM (Gordon) | $30.98 | 0% | |
| Peer P/E | $212.99 | 6% | median 25.2× · 8 peers |
| Peer EV/EBITDA | $231.69 | 6% | median 15.8× · 8 peers |
| Peer P/B | $400.81 | 6% | median 6.0× · 8 peers |
| Peer P/S | $325.14 | 6% | median 4.3× · 8 peers |
| Market Anchor (SMA50) | $287.58 | 41% | stability 100% (BB-width) |
| Options Expected (B-L 30d) | $278.96 | 13% | 13 strikes · skew +1.11 |
- Industry (SIC)
- RAILROAD EQUIPMENT (3743) · industry map
- Exchange
- XNYS
- Market Cap
- $46.7B
- Employees
- 31,000
- List Date
- 1995-06-15
- CIK
- 0000943452
- Headquarters
- Pittsburgh, PA
- Homepage
- https://www.wabteccorp.com
Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corp provides value-added, technology-based products and services for the freight rail and passenger transit industries and the mining, marine, and industrial markets. It provides its products and services through two main business segments: Freight and Transit. The company generates maximum revenue from the Freight segment, which manufactures new and modernized locomotives, provides aftermarket parts and services to existing locomotives, provides components to new and existing freight cars; builds new commuter locomotives; supplies rail control and infrastr…
Each spoke is this symbol's rank within its sector (0–100; the dotted ring marks the sector median at 50). Higher is more constructive for a long. One spoke — News sentiment — is an absolute reading, not a sector rank. Grayed spokes have no data. A fuller shape is a summary, not a recommendation.
| Month | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | '25 | '26 | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2.15% | -3.67% | 4.06% | 4.51% | 10.03% | 6.41% | 3.91% |
| Feb | -5.03% | 3.34% | -0.14% | 5.91% | -9.42% | 12.95% | 1.27% |
| Mar | 5.73% | 8.31% | -3.65% | 2.53% | -0.17% | -5.22% | 1.26% |
| Apr | 3.90% | -5.79% | -3.15% | 11.20% | 0.59% | 5.41% | 2.03% |
| May | 2.20% | 2.75% | -5.66% | 5.41% | 8.24% | -1.43% | 1.92% |
| Jun | -2.24% | -11.94% | 17.86% | -4.63% | 3.78% | 5.31% | 1.36% |
| Jul | 3.72% | 12.48% | 8.31% | 3.60% | -8.26% | 10.03% | 4.98% |
| Aug | 7.43% | -5.77% | -5.60% | 8.21% | 3.54% | -3.56% | 0.71% |
| Sep | -2.80% | -6.37% | -6.36% | 10.75% | 4.08% | 2.64% | 0.32% |
| Oct | 2.40% | 10.36% | 0.74% | 3.60% | 2.96% | -4.38%* | 2.61% |
| Nov | -1.93% | 7.82% | 10.17% | 7.38% | 1.77% | -- | 5.04% |
| Dec | 5.78% | -3.13% | 5.64% | -5.10% | 2.30% | -- | 1.10% |
| Total | 22.50% | 5.13% | 21.03% | 66.29% | 19.14% | 29.81% | 27.32% |
Quick-reference for reading the values below. Indicators combine to confirm a view — no single one is a trade signal on its own.
- SMA 20 / 50 / 200 — price above = uptrend, below = downtrend. SMA 50 crossing SMA 200 is the golden/death cross.
- EMA 12 / 26 — faster-reacting averages; 12 above 26 is short-term bullish.
- MACD — bullish when MACD > signal (green badge), bearish when below. Divergence from price often precedes reversals.
- ADX (14) — trend strength regardless of direction. <20 range, 20–25 weak trend, 25–50 trend, >50 strong trend.
- +DI / −DI — +DI > −DI favors bulls; the reverse favors bears. Read alongside ADX.
- RSI (14) — <30 oversold, >70 overbought. 40–60 is neutral; trending names can stay extreme.
- Stochastic %K / %D — <20 oversold, >80 overbought. %K crossing %D is an early momentum signal.
- Williams %R — inverted scale: <−80 oversold, >−20 overbought.
Oscillators work best in range-bound markets; in strong trends they give premature reversal signals.
- Bollinger Bands — price at upper band = overbought, lower = oversold. Narrow bands (squeeze) often precede expansion.
- OBV — cumulative volume; rising OBV confirms uptrend, falling OBV confirms downtrend. Divergence from price is a warning.
- Vol SMA 20 / Vol ROC — today's volume vs. 20-day average. Positive ROC with price move = conviction.
- ATR / True Range — average daily $ move; sizing and stop-loss reference.
- HV 20 / 30 / 60 — realized (historical) volatility. Compare to IV on the options cards: IV > HV = rich premium.
Confluence matters: trend + momentum + volume agreeing carries far more weight than any single indicator. For how these feed the spread scanner score, see the algorithm docs →
Trend Indicators
Momentum Oscillators
Volume & Volatility
Data Summary
Here is a comprehensive stock analysis report for WAB:
Executive Summary
Overall Assessment: NEUTRAL (Confidence Level: 6/10)
Key Drivers: Mining equipment market growth, locomotive modernization deal with Union Pacific, and recent earnings performance.
Primary Risks: High volatility, potential sector rotation, and options market uncertainty.
Investment Thesis: WAB's neutral sentiment is driven by a mix of positive and negative factors. While the mining equipment market outlook remains promising, the company's recent earnings performance has been mixed. The stock's high volatility, as measured by its beta, may amplify price movements in response to future news or events.
Recent News Sentiment Impact: The recent news headlines have been generally positive, with a focus on market growth and partnership announcements. However, the neutral sentiment of the RSI indicator suggests that the stock is not yet oversold or overbought.
Technical Analysis
Trend Direction: Short-term: NEUTRAL Medium-term: UPTREND (SMA 50 > SMA 20) Long-term: BEARISH (SMA 200 < current price)
Support/Resistance Levels: Key levels to watch are the SMAs (20, 50) and the Bollinger Bands (Upper, Middle, Lower).
Momentum Signals: RSI: NEUTRAL (53.74) MACD: BEARISH (Histogram -0.10) Bollinger Bands: NEUTRAL (touching middle band)
Volume Analysis: Volume SMA 20: 873248.60 On-Balance Volume (OBV): 32284897.60
News & Sentiment Analysis
Recent Headlines Summary: The news headlines are generally positive, with a focus on market growth and partnership announcements.
Sentiment Assessment: Aggregate sentiment is POSITIVE due to the recent news and earnings performance.
Catalyst Identification: Upcoming catalysts include potential earnings beats or misses, changes in the mining equipment market outlook, and partnerships or acquisitions.
Market Narrative: The technical signals are mixed, with a neutral RSI indicator and bearish MACD. The Bollinger Bands suggest a range-bound environment, which aligns with the current price action.
Risk & Volatility Assessment
Beta Interpretation: High risk relative to market (beta 1.10).
Volatility Regime: Current volatility is above average, as measured by the historical volatility indicator (HV30, HV60).
Options Market Signals: IV Rank: Medium (34.0%) Current IV: 55.3% Put/Call Volume Ratio: Bearish (1.60)
Market Context & Positioning
Sector Performance: The sector is performing relatively well, with a focus on growth and modernization in the mining equipment market.
Institutional Activity: Volume patterns suggest institutional interest, particularly from option traders.
Correlation Analysis: The stock moves relatively closely to the market (R-squared 0.56), suggesting a high degree of correlation.
Relative Valuation: WAB is positioned within its trading range, with potential for further price appreciation or correction.
Key Levels & Action Items
Critical Price Levels: Support levels include the SMAs (20, 50) and Bollinger Bands (Upper, Middle, Lower). Resistance levels include the current price and the SMA 200.
Breakout/Breakdown Levels: Key levels to watch are the SMAs and Bollinger Bands.
Time-Sensitive Catalysts: Upcoming catalysts include potential earnings beats or misses, changes in the mining equipment market outlook, and partnerships or acquisitions.
Risk Management: Stop-loss levels should be set around the SMA 20 and Bollinger Band support levels. Position sizing considerations include the current IV level (55.3%) and historical volatility indicators.
Please note that this report is based on the provided data and analysis framework. It does not constitute buy or sell advice, but rather a comprehensive risk/reward analysis for WAB stock.
| Earnings Date | Timing | Expected Move | Actual Move | Ratio | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-02-18 | Pre-Market | 5.29% | 9.19% | 1.74x | Exceeded |
| 2021-04-29 | Pre-Market | 6.72% | 2.15% | 0.32x | Within |
| 2021-07-29 | Pre-Market | 4.08% | 2.10% | 0.51x | Within |
| 2021-10-27 | Pre-Market | 3.54% | 3.02% | 0.85x | Within |
| 2022-02-16 | Pre-Market | 5.38% | 6.44% | 1.20x | Exceeded |
| 2022-04-27 | Pre-Market | 11.44% | 4.07% | 0.36x | Within |
| 2022-08-05 | Pre-Market | 7.70% | 3.12% | 0.41x | Within |
| 2022-11-01 | Pre-Market | 7.23% | 0.51% | 0.07x | Within |
| 2023-02-15 | Pre-Market | 4.74% | 2.08% | 0.44x | Within |
| 2023-04-26 | Pre-Market | 6.05% | 4.24% | 0.70x | Within |
| 2023-07-27 | Pre-Market | 4.78% | 3.87% | 0.81x | Within |
| 2023-10-25 | Pre-Market | 6.40% | 4.12% | 0.64x | Within |
| 2024-02-14 | Pre-Market | 4.71% | 0.96% | 0.20x | Within |
| 2024-04-24 | Pre-Market | 5.19% | 10.04% | 1.93x | Exceeded |
| 2024-07-24 | Pre-Market | 5.71% | 6.44% | 1.13x | Exceeded |
| 2024-10-23 | Pre-Market | 5.90% | 1.25% | 0.21x | Within |
| 2025-02-12 | Pre-Market | 4.85% | 9.06% | 1.87x | Exceeded |
| 2025-04-23 | After-Close | 6.78% | 2.99% | 0.44x | Within |
| 2025-07-24 | Pre-Market | 6.23% | 6.38% | 1.02x | Exceeded |
| 2025-10-22 | Pre-Market | 7.27% | 2.31% | 0.32x | Within |
| 2026-02-11 | Pre-Market | 5.82% | 3.23% | 0.55x | Within |
| 2026-04-22 | Pre-Market | 7.61% | 1.51% | 0.20x | Within |
| 2026-07-22 | Pre-Market | 8.10% | 10.04% | 1.24x | Exceeded |
| 2026-10-21 | Pre-Market | 6.93% | 1.95% | 0.28x | Within |
Earnings calendar: this week’s reports with expected vs actual moves →
WAB Options Activity & IV Rank
WAB IV rank history, 52-week IV rank and IV percentile →
Volatility Metrics
Options Flow
ATM Options Pricing
Chain Summary
Each spread is ranked by a composite score built in three stages. Full documentation →
score = P(profit) × (credit / spread_width)
P(profit) from short leg delta (1 − |delta|), penalised above 85%. Credit uses mid-price to handle illiquid chains fairly.
RR and BF (30-delta) from the persisted per-symbol skew snapshot — wing strikes picked by real greeks.delta, not a moneyness proxy. Put skew boosts bull puts, penalises bear calls. High butterfly boosts iron condors. Calendars are skew-neutral.
- RSI <40 bullish / >60 bearish
- MACD crossover + histogram trend
- Price vs SMA 50 & SMA 200
- Stochastic %K <20 / >80
- Williams %R <−80 / >−20
- Blended ATR + straddle expected-move penalty
- Bollinger Band signal (+ counter-trend penalty)
- BB width — vol contraction boost for ICs
- IV rank ≥ 75 → strong boost for credit spreads
- IV rank < 25 → penalty (selling cheap vol)
- Min open interest across all legs
- OI < 100 → −0.10 · OI < 500 → −0.05
score = base_score × skew_multiplier × tech_multiplier
Both multipliers are shown per spread. Beta is informational only — ATR already captures realized vol. Full algorithm documentation →
Enter a ticker to scan for optimal spread opportunities.
Evaluates all bull put, bear call, iron condor, and calendar spread combinations using GPU-accelerated analysis.
Estimated net dealer gamma is at the 42nd percentile of this name's own daily history, within its typical range. This describes current positioning; it is not a forecast or a trading signal.
Net dealer gamma is an estimate of the aggregate gamma held by options market makers across this name's option chain, weighted by open interest. Dealer positions aren't public, so it uses a standard simplifying assumption: dealers are treated as long the calls and short the puts that are open. Actual dealer books can differ.
Gamma percentile ranks today's estimate against this name's own daily history, from 0% (the lowest reading on record) to 100% (the highest). Raw gamma scales with how much open interest a chain carries, so it isn't comparable across names; the percentile is. The badge marks the bottom 20% as low and the top 20% as high.
Tilts run from −1 to +1 and show how lopsided the estimated dealer exposure is. GEX tilt compares call gamma with put gamma. Vanna tilt describes how the hedge would shift if implied volatility changed, and charm tilt how it would shift with the passage of time.
This card describes estimated positioning and where it sits historically. It is not a forecast of price direction or volatility and not a trading signal. Market-wide view: Dealer positioning screener.
IV(put wing) − IV(ATM), in vol pointsHow much the OTM put trades above (or below) the at-the-money strike. Measures the height of the put-side tail relative to ATM — i.e. how expensive crash insurance is on this name.
- Positive (typical) — wing IV > ATM IV. Standard equity put skew: portfolios bid up crash protection, so OTM puts trade richer than ATM.
- Near zero or negative (unusual) — wing IV ≤ ATM IV. Flat or inverted put side. Common when there's no fear demand, in tightly mean-reverting names, or right after an earnings catalyst clears.
- Percentile vs own 3-yr history: high = wings rich (good time to sell wing premium); low = wings cheap (good time to buy protection).
- Not directional — high or low wings don't predict up or down moves. It's a price tag on tail insurance, not a forecast.
IV(call wing) − IV(put wing), equal delta on each sideWhich side of the smile is the market paying up for? Measures the tilt of the surface — call skew vs put skew at matched deltas.
- Negative (typical) — puts richer than calls. Standard equity behavior: hedging demand makes puts carry a premium. Most large-caps sit in the −1 to −5 vol-point range.
- Strongly negative (< −5 pts) — heavy downside hedging, elevated fear, or an upcoming catalyst (earnings, FDA, macro event). Worth flagging.
- Positive — calls richer than puts. Unusual for equities; signals bullish momentum, short-squeeze positioning, or takeover/M&A speculation.
- Near zero — symmetric surface. Market sees roughly equal up/down risk. Rare for large-caps; more common in commodities and FX.
Wing-vs-ATM tells you how expensive the tails are. Risk Reversal tells you which side is favored. Combined:
- High wing percentile + deeply negative RR → strong put bid; stress or major event priced in. Owning protection costs a premium; selling put premium is dangerous.
- Low wing percentile + near-zero RR → complacency; insurance cheap and balanced. Good environment to add cheap downside hedges.
- Positive RR + elevated wings → call-side fear-of-missing-out; common in squeeze setups. Upside calls expensive, downside puts not bid.
Percentile is the rank of today's reading within ~3 years of this symbol's own history. High percentile = wings are rich relative to history; not a directional signal. Skew is read off the chain in real time, not from CBOE SKEW.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility surface.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility smile.
Risk Metrics
Analysis Details
Data Points: 251
Period: 252 trading days
Moderate volatility - stock generally follows market
WAB Institutional Ownership (13F)
Latest filings — 2026-09-30Institutional managers with $100M+ AUM file Form 13F-HR quarterly, due 45 days after quarter end. Holdings are reported gross at quarter-end market value — they are a snapshot, not a real-time position.
- Shares — long equity positions in this name, aggregated across share classes.
- Calls / Puts — notional value of long call / put exposure where this ticker is the underlying.
- % of Float — holder's reported shares divided by the latest diluted shares outstanding. Sums above 100% indicate large custodian / prime broker positions where the same shares are reported by multiple filers.
- Custodian badge — filers with more than 5,000 holdings are typically broker-dealers / custodians reporting customer-held shares, not active managers.
Each filer is counted once at its latest 13F-HR filing. New filings are ingested on a weekly cadence.
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Susquehanna International Group, LLP Custodian | $9.22M | 35.35% | 2026-06-30 |
| 2 | Citadel Advisors LLC Custodian | $8.25M | 31.63% | 2026-06-30 |
| 3 | Jane Street Group, LLC Custodian | $4.34M | 16.64% | 2026-06-30 |
| 4 | IMC-Chicago, LLC Custodian | $2.24M | 8.58% | 2026-06-30 |
| 5 | Wolverine Trading, LLC Custodian | $770.56K | 2.95% | 2025-09-30 |
| 6 | Squarepoint Ops LLC | $620.08K | 2.38% | 2026-06-30 |
| 7 | Two Sigma Investments, LP Custodian | $296.56K | 1.14% | 2026-06-30 |
| 8 | Walleye Capital LLC | $296.56K | 1.14% | 2026-06-30 |
| 9 | Simplex Trading, LLC Custodian | $53.92K | 0.21% | 2026-06-30 |
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lido Advisors, LLC | $49.15M | 71.19% | 2026-06-30 |
| 2 | SCOPUS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P. | $5.39M | 7.81% | 2026-06-30 |
| 3 | Susquehanna International Group, LLP Custodian | $3.75M | 5.43% | 2026-06-30 |
| 4 | IMC-Chicago, LLC Custodian | $2.51M | 3.63% | 2026-06-30 |
| 5 | Citadel Advisors LLC Custodian | $2.08M | 3.01% | 2026-06-30 |
| 6 | Walleye Trading LLC | $1.91M | 2.77% | 2026-06-30 |
| 7 | Twin Tree Management, LP | $1.48M | 2.15% | 2026-06-30 |
| 8 | Squarepoint Ops LLC | $943.60K | 1.37% | 2026-06-30 |
| 9 | Jane Street Group, LLC Custodian | $916.64K | 1.33% | 2026-06-30 |
| 10 | Wolverine Trading, LLC Custodian | $434.68K | 0.63% | 2025-09-30 |
| 11 | Two Sigma Investments, LP Custodian | $215.68K | 0.31% | 2026-06-30 |
| 12 | Simplex Trading, LLC Custodian | $188.72K | 0.27% | 2026-06-30 |
| 13 | Walleye Capital LLC | $53.92K | 0.08% | 2026-06-30 |
| 14 | MATHER GROUP, LLC. | $12.56K | 0.02% | 2026-09-30 |
WAB Insider Trading (Form 4)
Latest: 2026-10-07| Filed | Reporter | Role | Action | Shares | Avg Price | Net $ | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-07 | Rafael Santana | President and CEO | Sell (S) | −2,174 | $292.25 | -$635.4K | EDGAR |
| 2026-09-03 | Rafael Santana | President and CEO | Sell (S) | −2,183 | $280.19 | -$611.7K | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-24 | Rogerio Mendonca | President, Equipment Group | Sell (S) | −2,919 | $297.05 | -$867.1K | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-21 | Michael Fetsko | Pres., Freight Components Grp. | Sell (S) | −3,250 | $293.22 | -$953.0K | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-18 | Gregory Sbrocco | EVP Operations | Sell (S) | −952 | $300.00 | -$285.6K | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-06 | Rafael Santana | President and CEO | Sell (S) | −2,326 | $298.03 | -$693.2K | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-06 | Rafael Santana | President and CEO | Sell (S) | −2,326 | $298.03 | -$693.2K | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-27 | David L DeNinno | Exec VP, General Counsel, Sec. | Sell (S) | −3,000 | $301.31 | -$903.9K | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-27 | Sameer Gaur | Pres., Global Freight Services | Sell (S) | −1,000 | $300.64 | -$300.6K | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-27 | Eric Gebhardt | Chief Technology Officer | Sell (S) | −7,100 | $299.27 | -$2.12M | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-08 | Rafael Santana | President and CEO | Sell (S) | −2,326 | $259.48 | -$603.5K | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-02 | Nicole B Theophilus | EVP & Chief Admin. Officer | Award (A) | +2,192 | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-06-16 | Sameer Gaur | Pres., Global Freight Services | Sell (S) | −1,082 | $263.50 | -$285.1K | EDGAR |
| 2026-06-09 | Rafael Santana | President and CEO | Sell (S) | −2,326 | $261.36 | -$607.9K | EDGAR |
| 2026-05-15 | Lee C Banks | Director | Award (A) | +765 | — | EDGAR |
WAB Insider Holdings
25 insiders · @ $275.47| # | Insider | Role | Shares | Disclosed Exposure | Lifetime OM Net | Filings | Last Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | William E Kassling | Director | 750,814 | $206.83M | -$103.79M | 75 | 2025-01-21 |
| 2 | Albert J Neupaver | Director | 605,400 | $166.77M | -$84.48M | 56 | 2025-05-19 |
| 3 | Rafael Santana | President and CEO | 117,200 | $32.29M | -$64.77M | 47 | 2026-10-07 |
| 4 | John A Olin | Executive Vice President & CFO | 61,893 | $17.05M | -$1.89M | 14 | 2026-03-09 |
| 5 | David L DeNinno | Exec VP, General Counsel, Sec. | 55,128 | $15.19M | -$14.62M | 60 | 2026-07-27 |
| 6 | Michael Fetsko | Pres., Freight Components Grp. | 37,668 | $10.38M | -$5.75M | 35 | 2026-08-21 |
| 7 | Brian Hehir | Director | 25,605 | $7.05M | -$4.39M | 45 | 2026-05-15 |
| 8 | Nicole B Theophilus | EVP & Chief Admin. Officer | 23,599 | $6.50M | -$1.94M | 23 | 2026-07-02 |
| 9 | Eric Gebhardt | Chief Technology Officer | 23,106 | $6.37M | -$4.77M | 20 | 2026-07-27 |
| 10 | Gregory Sbrocco | EVP Operations | 21,043 | $5.80M | -$1.99M | 28 | 2026-08-18 |
WAB Board & Officers
As of SEC filings through Oct 7, 2026Directors 9
- Albert J Neupaver · since Feb 1, 2006
- Brian Hehir · since Jul 25, 2007
- Linda S Harty · since Jul 19, 2016
- Ann R. Klee · since Dec 5, 2019
- Lee C Banks · since Dec 7, 2020
- Byron S. Foster · since Jul 8, 2021
- Beverley A Babcock · since Jul 1, 2022
- Rafael Santana · listed since Feb 2023
- Juan R. Perez · since Jan 29, 2025
Officers 15
- Rafael Santana · President and CEO · listed since Feb 2020
- Rogerio Mendonca · President, Equipment Group · since Feb 1, 2021
- John A Olin · Executive Vice President & CFO · since Oct 1, 2021
- Nalin Jain · President, Digital Electronics · listed since Nov 2022
- Pascal Schweitzer · President Transit · listed since Mar 2024
- Eric Gebhardt · Chief Technology Officer · since Oct 13, 2020
- Lilian Leroux · EVP Chief Strategy Officer · listed since Mar 2024
- Nicole B Theophilus · EVP & Chief Admin. Officer · listed since Jul 2024
- David L DeNinno · Exec VP, General Counsel, Sec. · listed since Mar 2017
- Gina Trombley · EVP Sales & Marketing · listed since Mar 2024
- Gregory Sbrocco · EVP Operations · listed since Mar 2024
- Michael Fetsko · Pres., Freight Components Grp. · listed since Feb 2020
- John A Mastalerz Jr · SVP Fin, Corp Controller, CAO · listed since Mar 2024
- Kyra Yates · VP - Investor Relations · since Mar 18, 2024
- Sameer Gaur · Pres., Global Freight Services · since Jan 26, 2026
Changes in the last 10 years (50)
| Jan 26, 2026 | Sameer Gaur became Pres., Global Freight Services |
| Jan 29, 2025 | Juan R. Perez became a director |
| Jul 11, 2024 | Nicole B Theophilus listed as EVP & Chief Admin. Officer (previously EVP & Chief H.R. Officer) in SEC filings |
| Mar 18, 2024 | Kyra Yates became VP - Investor Relations |
| Mar 8, 2024 | Pascal Schweitzer listed as President Transit (previously President, Services Group) in SEC filings |
| Mar 8, 2024 | Lilian Leroux listed as EVP Chief Strategy Officer (previously President, Transit Group) in SEC filings |
| Mar 8, 2024 | John A Mastalerz Jr listed as SVP Fin, Corp Controller, CAO (previously VP Fin., Corp. Controller, CAO) in SEC filings |
| Mar 8, 2024 | Gregory Sbrocco listed as EVP Operations (previously Sr. VP, Global Operations) in SEC filings |
| Mar 8, 2024 | Gina Trombley listed as EVP Sales & Marketing (previously SVP Sales & Mktg & CCO) in SEC filings |
| Apr 3, 2023 | Alicia Hammersmith became President - Services Group |
| Mar 6, 2023 | Kristine Kubacki first listed as VP, Investor Relations in an SEC filing |
| Feb 22, 2023 | Rafael Santana first listed as a director in an SEC filing |
| Nov 15, 2022 | Nalin Jain listed as President, Digital Electronics (previously President, Equipment Group) in SEC filings |
| Jul 1, 2022 | Beverley A Babcock became a director |
| May 18, 2022 | The company announced the departure of Michael W D Howell from the board in an SEC filing |
| May 18, 2022 | The company announced the departure of Lee B Foster II from the board in an SEC filing |
| Oct 1, 2021 | John A Olin became Executive Vice President & CFO |
| Jul 8, 2021 | Byron S. Foster became a director |
| Feb 1, 2021 | Rogerio Mendonca became President, Equipment Group |
| Dec 7, 2020 | Lee C Banks became a director |
| Oct 13, 2020 | Nicole B Theophilus became EVP & Chief H.R. Officer |
| Oct 13, 2020 | Gina Trombley became SVP Sales & Mktg & CCO |
| Oct 13, 2020 | Eric Gebhardt became Chief Technology Officer |
| Feb 11, 2020 | Scott Wahlstrom listed as Exec VP & CHRO (previously Exec VP, Human Resources) in SEC filings |
| Feb 11, 2020 | Rafael Santana listed as President and CEO (previously President and CEO - Freight) in SEC filings |
| Feb 11, 2020 | Michael Fetsko listed as Pres., Freight Components Grp. (previously VP - Group Executive) in SEC filings |
| Feb 11, 2020 | Lilian Leroux listed as President, Transit Group (previously President - Transit) in SEC filings |
| Feb 11, 2020 | Gregory Sbrocco listed as Sr. VP, Global Operations (previously SrVP Wabtec Excellence Program) in SEC filings |
| Feb 7, 2020 | Pascal Schweitzer became President, Services Group |
| Feb 7, 2020 | Nalin Jain became President, Equipment Group |
| Dec 5, 2019 | Ann R. Klee became a director |
| Aug 12, 2019 | GENERAL ELECTRIC CO reported in an SEC filing no longer being a 10% owner |
| Mar 22, 2019 | Raymond T Betler first listed as President & CEO in an SEC filing |
| Mar 12, 2019 | Lilian Leroux became President - Transit |
| Feb 25, 2019 | Rafael Santana became President and CEO - Freight |
| Feb 25, 2019 | Gregory Sbrocco became SrVP Wabtec Excellence Program |
| Feb 25, 2019 | GENERAL ELECTRIC CO became a 10% owner |
| Feb 25, 2019 | Dominique Malenfant became Sr. VP Global Technology |
| Feb 8, 2018 | Patrick D Dugan listed as EVP & Chief Financial Officer (previously Sr. VP, Chief Financal Officer) in SEC filings |
| Jul 19, 2017 | Paul Ivar Overby became VP Corporate Strategy |
| Jun 2, 2017 | Albert J Neupaver no longer listed as Executive Chairman in SEC filings |
| Mar 20, 2017 | Scott Wahlstrom listed as Exec VP, Human Resources (previously Senior VP, Human Resources) in SEC filings |
| Mar 20, 2017 | John A Mastalerz Jr listed as VP Fin., Corp. Controller, CAO (previously VP & Corporate Controller) in SEC filings |
| Mar 20, 2017 | David L DeNinno listed as Exec VP, General Counsel, Sec. (previously Sr. VP, General Counsel, Sec.) in SEC filings |
| Feb 10, 2017 | Ronald L. Witt reported in an SEC filing no longer being VP Group Executive |
| Feb 10, 2017 | David J Meyer reported in an SEC filing no longer being Vice President |
| Nov 30, 2016 | Stephane Rambaud-Measson became President & CEO Transit Group |
| Nov 30, 2016 | Philippe Alfroid became a director |
| Nov 30, 2016 | Guillaume Bouhours became Sr. VP Transit CFO&Integration |
| Nov 30, 2016 | Erwan Faiveley became a director |
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Not reported recently (18)
- Alicia Hammersmith · Last reported as President - Services Group in an SEC filing dated Mar 24, 2025
- William E Kassling · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Jan 21, 2025
- Kristine Kubacki · Last reported as VP, Investor Relations in an SEC filing dated Mar 5, 2024
- Patrick D Dugan · Last reported as EVP & Chief Financial Officer in an SEC filing dated Sep 1, 2021
- Erwan Faiveley · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated May 17, 2021
- Scott Wahlstrom · Last reported as Exec VP & CHRO in an SEC filing dated Mar 19, 2020
- Dominique Malenfant · Last reported as Sr. VP Global Technology in an SEC filing dated Mar 3, 2020
- David M. Seitz · Last reported as VP,Sr. Counsel/Asst. Secretary in an SEC filing dated Jan 2, 2020
- Emilio Fernandez · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated May 21, 2019
- Philippe Alfroid · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated May 21, 2019
- Timothy R Wesley · Last reported as VP - Investor Relations in an SEC filing dated Mar 22, 2019
- Raymond T Betler · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Mar 22, 2019
- Robert J Brooks · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Aug 21, 2018
- Paul Ivar Overby · Last reported as VP Corporate Strategy in an SEC filing dated Mar 5, 2018
- Stephane Rambaud-Measson · Last reported as President & CEO Transit Group in an SEC filing dated Feb 8, 2018
- Nickolas Vande Steeg · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated May 12, 2017
- R Mark Cox · Last reported as Sr. VP - Corporate Development in an SEC filing dated Mar 20, 2017
- Guillaume Bouhours · Last reported as Sr. VP Transit CFO&Integration in an SEC filing dated Feb 9, 2017
WAB Proposed Insider Sales (Form 144)
Latest: 2026-09-01What is Form 144? A notice of intent to sell restricted or control stock under Rule 144. Affiliates (officers, directors, 10%+ owners) and holders of restricted shares must file Form 144 when planning to sell more than 5,000 shares or $50,000 in any 3-month rolling window.
How it relates to Form 4: Form 144 is filed before the trade (up to 90 days in advance); Form 4 is filed within 2 business days after the trade executes. Not every Form 144 results in a sale — the filer may cancel or delay. Look for the corresponding Form 4 on the Insider Activity card to confirm a sale actually happened.
10b5-1 plans: Trades made under a pre-scheduled Rule 10b5-1 plan are not discretionary — they execute automatically on dates set months earlier, regardless of news. High 10b5-1 percentages mean less per-filing signal value, though cumulative selling volume still matters.
"Notice value": Aggregate market value the filer wrote into the Form 144 — i.e. the size of the planned sale, not necessarily the executed dollars. An amended notice (Form 144/A) replaces the original it amends, and cancelled notices are dropped, so neither is double-counted above. A filed value that is clearly inconsistent with the share count at the stock's price (a filer typo) shows as a dash and is left out of the totals.
Source & freshness: Sourced from public Form 144 filings. Refreshed daily; new filings typically appear here the morning after they are filed.
| Filed | Filer | Role | Shares | Notice Value | Planned Sale | Broker | Plan | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-01 | Rafael Santana | Officer | 6,531 | $1.83M | 2026-09-01 | Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-21 | ROGERIO GUIMARAES MENDONCA | Officer | 2,910 | $864.4K | 2026-08-21 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-20 | MICHAEL E FETSKO | Officer | 3,250 | $953.0K | 2026-08-20 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-17 | Sbrocco Gregory | Officer | 952 | $285.6K | 2026-08-17 | THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| 2026-08-04 | Rafael Santana | Officer | 2,326 | $695.6K | 2026-08-04 | Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-24 | SAMEER GAUR | Officer | 1,000 | $300.6K | 2026-07-24 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-24 | DAVID L DENINNO | Officer | 3,000 | $903.9K | 2026-07-24 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-07-24 | ERIC GEBHARDT | Officer | 7,100 | $2.12M | 2026-07-24 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-06-12 | SAMEER GAUR | Officer | 1,082 | $285.1K | 2026-06-12 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-05-05 | DAVID L DENINNO | Officer | 2,500 | $663.7K | 2026-05-05 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| Filing Date | Accession | Link |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-05-15 | 0001140361-26-021657 | EDGAR |
| 2026-04-22 | 0001628280-26-026384 | EDGAR |
| 2026-03-03 | 0001140361-26-007441 | EDGAR |
| 2026-02-11 | 0001628280-26-007113 | EDGAR |
| 2025-10-22 | 0001628280-25-045773 | EDGAR |
| 2025-07-24 | 0001628280-25-035831 | EDGAR |
| 2025-07-01 | 0001140361-25-024383 | EDGAR |
| 2025-05-29 | 0001140361-25-020758 | EDGAR |
| 2025-05-20 | 0001140361-25-019897 | EDGAR |
| 2025-05-19 | 0001140361-25-019518 | EDGAR |
| Filing Date | Accession | Link |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-02-13 | 0001628280-26-008067 | EDGAR |
| 2025-02-12 | 0001628280-25-005100 | EDGAR |
| 2024-02-14 | 0001628280-24-004774 | EDGAR |
| 2023-02-15 | 0001628280-23-003675 | EDGAR |
| 2022-02-17 | 0001628280-22-002997 | EDGAR |
| 2021-02-19 | 0001628280-21-002557 | EDGAR |
| 2020-02-24 | 0001628280-20-002098 | EDGAR |
| 2019-02-27 | 0001628280-19-002095 | EDGAR |
| Filing Date | Accession | Link |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-22 | 0001628280-26-026422 | EDGAR |
| 2025-10-22 | 0001628280-25-045790 | EDGAR |
| 2025-07-24 | 0001628280-25-035852 | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-23 | 0001628280-25-019005 | EDGAR |
| 2024-10-23 | 0001628280-24-043365 | EDGAR |
| 2024-07-24 | 0001628280-24-032762 | EDGAR |
| 2024-04-24 | 0001628280-24-017577 | EDGAR |
| 2023-10-25 | 0001628280-23-035085 | EDGAR |
| 2023-07-27 | 0001628280-23-025856 | EDGAR |
| 2023-04-26 | 0001628280-23-013106 | EDGAR |
| # | ETF | Provider | Weight | $ Exposure | ETF AUM | As Of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VTI Vanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF | Vanguard | 0.06% | $1.5B | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 2 | VOO Vanguard S&P 500 ETF | Vanguard | 0.07% | $1.3B | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 3 | VO Vanguard Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF | Vanguard | 0.46% | $986.8M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 4 | IVV iShares Core S&P 500 ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.07% | $648.0M | $878.4B | 2026-10-21 |
| 5 | SPY State Street® SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust | SPDR (State Street) | 0.07% | $597.3M | $820.7B | 2026-10-21 |
| 6 | VTV Vanguard Morningstar Value ETF | Vanguard | 0.18% | $439.0M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 7 | VOE Vanguard Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF | Vanguard | 0.79% | $287.7M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 8 | XLI State Street® Industrial Select Sector SPDR® ETF | SPDR (State Street) | 0.91% | $280.8M | $30.8B | 2026-10-21 |
| 9 | IWR iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.36% | $204.2M | $57.2B | 2026-10-21 |
| 10 | RSP Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF | Invesco | 0.20% | $202.3M | — | 2026-10-21 |
| 11 | SPYM State Street® SPDR® Portfolio S&P 500® ETF | SPDR (State Street) | 0.07% | $134.7M | $184.5B | 2026-10-21 |
| 12 | IWD iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.13% | $109.0M | $84.8B | 2026-10-21 |
| 13 | IVE iShares S&P 500 Value ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.16% | $81.2M | $50.7B | 2026-10-21 |
| 14 | DFAC Dimensional US Core Equity 2 ETF | Dimensional | 0.08% | $74.3M | — | 2026-10-21 |
| 15 | IWS iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.47% | $74.2M | $15.7B | 2026-10-21 |
| 16 | ITOT iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.06% | $63.1M | $96.2B | 2026-10-21 |
| 17 | VIS Vanguard Industrials ETF | Vanguard | 0.73% | $62.7M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 18 | SPYV State Street® SPDR® Portfolio S&P 500® Value ETF | SPDR (State Street) | 0.16% | $61.9M | $38.4B | 2026-10-21 |
| 19 | SPMO Invesco S&P 500 Momentum ETF | Invesco | 0.25% | $56.1M | — | 2026-10-21 |
| 20 | VV Vanguard Morningstar Large-Cap ETF | Vanguard | 0.07% | $54.3M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 21 | MTUM iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.29% | $53.6M | $18.1B | 2026-10-21 |
| 22 | SCHX Schwab U.S. Large-Cap ETF | Nport | 0.06% | $47.1M | — | 2026-05-31 |
| 23 | FMDE Fidelity Enhanced Mid Cap Core ETF | Fidelity | 0.52% | $44.9M | $8.6B | 2026-10-21 |
| 24 | DCOR Dimensional US Core Equity 1 ETF | Dimensional | 0.10% | $43.5M | — | 2026-10-21 |
| 25 | IUSV iShares Core S&P U.S. Value ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.15% | $43.0M | $28.4B | 2026-10-21 |
Quarterly filings sourced from SEC 10-Q / 10-K reports. TTM tiles aggregate the most recent four quarters; bars show the last ~12 quarters oldest → newest.
- Revenue — top-line sales. Look for consistent YoY growth; seasonal businesses need same-quarter comparisons (Q4 '24 vs Q4 '23).
- Net Income — bottom-line profit after all expenses. Can be volatile from one-time items; red bars = net loss.
- Diluted EPS — net income per share assuming options/converts are exercised. Direct input to the P/E ratio.
- Operating Cash Flow — cash generated from core operations, before capex and financing. Harder to manipulate than net income; growing OCF is a quality signal.
- Sequential growth — quarter-over-quarter trend. Accelerating bars are a momentum signal.
- YoY growth — compare to the same quarter a year earlier to remove seasonality.
- Quality — OCF should roughly track Net Income over time. Large divergence (net income ≫ OCF) flags accruals risk.
- Margins — scan the bar ratios: Net Income / Revenue tells you margin trend without needing a separate chart.
TTM (trailing-twelve-month) smooths seasonality and is used for the P/E calculation. Filings appear 30–90 days after the period closes.
Quarterly figures (12 quarters)
| Quarter | Period End | Revenue | Net Income | Diluted EPS | Op. Cash Flow |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q3 '26 | 2026-09-30 | $3.12B | $409.00M | $2.42 | $455.00M |
| Q2 '26 | 2026-06-30 | $3.18B | $394.00M | $2.33 | $441.00M |
| Q1 '26 | 2026-03-31 | $2.95B | $362.00M | $2.12 | $199.00M |
| Q4 '25 | 2025-12-31 | $2.96B | $199.00M | $1.19 | $992.00M |
| Q3 '25 | 2025-09-30 | $2.89B | $310.00M | $1.81 | $367.00M |
| Q2 '25 | 2025-06-30 | $2.71B | $335.00M | $1.96 | $209.00M |
| Q1 '25 | 2025-03-31 | $2.61B | $322.00M | $1.88 | $191.00M |
| Q4 '24 | 2024-12-31 | $2.58B | $209.00M | $1.24 | $723.00M |
| Q3 '24 | 2024-09-30 | $2.66B | $283.00M | $1.63 | $542.00M |
| Q2 '24 | 2024-06-30 | $2.64B | $289.00M | $1.64 | $235.00M |
| Q1 '24 | 2024-03-31 | $2.50B | $272.00M | $1.53 | $334.00M |
| Q4 '23 | 2023-12-31 | $2.53B | $215.00M | $1.20 | $686.00M |
Ratios derived from TTM financials and the current market price, sampled daily. History chart shows how expensive the stock is today relative to its own recent past.
- P/E — price / TTM earnings. Rough market rule: 10–15 value, 15–25 market, >30 growth/premium. Negative when earnings are negative.
- P/B — price / book value. Useful for financials and asset-heavy names; meaningless for asset-light software.
- P/S — price / TTM revenue. Useful when earnings are negative or noisy (early-stage growth).
- EV/EBITDA — capital-structure-neutral. <10 cheap, 10–15 reasonable, >20 rich. Good for comparing across leverage profiles.
- EV/Sales — like P/S but accounts for debt + cash. Compare within sector.
- ROE — return on equity. >15% strong, >25% exceptional. Caution: high leverage inflates ROE.
- ROA — return on assets. Leverage-neutral; >5% solid, >10% exceptional.
- Div Yield — annual dividend / price. Compare to 10Y Treasury; sustained yield >6% often signals distress.
- FCF Yield — free cash flow / market cap. >5% is attractive; negative means burning cash.
- Debt/Equity — leverage. <1 conservative, >2 aggressive. Sector-dependent (utilities naturally high, tech low).
- Current Ratio — short-term liquidity. >1.5 comfortable, <1 raises short-term solvency flags.
- Compare current level to the 3-year band: near the high end = relatively expensive; near the low = relatively cheap.
- Multiples expanding while earnings are flat = sentiment-driven rally.
- Multiples compressing while earnings grow = value coming from fundamentals.
Regulatory short-interest reports publish on a bi-weekly settlement cadence; short-volume is reported daily by the trade-reporting facilities. Float is derived from insider-ownership filings.
- Short Interest — total shares currently sold short as of the settlement date. Lags real time by ~8 business days.
- SI % of Float — short interest / free float. The key crowding metric.
- Days to Cover — short interest / avg daily volume. How many full trading days it would take shorts to buy back. High DTC + catalyst = squeeze fuel.
- Short Vol Ratio — today's short-sale volume / total volume. Intraday selling pressure proxy (not the same as short interest).
- Free Float — shares available for public trading (total shares minus insider / restricted).
- Float % — free float / shares outstanding. <50% = tightly held, more prone to squeezes.
- SI % of Float < 5% — typical, no particular signal.
- 5–15% — elevated; watch for catalysts (earnings, guidance, macro).
- 15–30% — heavily shorted; tight-float names in this range have produced notable squeezes historically.
- >30% — extreme; borrow is likely expensive and squeeze risk is material.
- Days to Cover > 5 combined with high SI% amplifies squeeze potential.
- Trend matters more than level. Rapidly rising short interest often precedes negative catalysts or heavy hedging.
- A sudden drop in SI after a rally may indicate a squeeze in progress.
Short interest is reported mid-month and end-of-month; short volume is daily.