UNP Union Pacific Corp.
XNYS
292.87
Delayed
Stock quote, options chain, IV rank, technicals, AI analysis, and institutional ownership. Iron condor setups Expected move IV rank history Fibonacci levels Insider trading
Market data may be delayed, incomplete, or inaccurate. Not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security. Verify quotes with your broker before trading. See Terms §17.
- 52-Week Range
- $215.53 – $315.99
- YTD
- +26.29%
- IV Rank (30D)
- 12.43
- Straddle Price
- $14.45
- P/C Vol Ratio
- 0.59
- Market Cap
- $177.1B
- Open
- $296.75
- Day Range
- $288.61 – $298.00
- Volume
- 3,456,145
- Prev Close
- $298.09
A blended fair-value estimate combining up to six valuation methods. Each method is weighted by how well it fits the company — DCF down-weights for unprofitable names; DDM only fires for steady dividend payers; comparables down-weight when peer multiples disagree.
- DCF (quality-aware) — projects free cash flow with a horizon that scales to business quality. True compounders (quality 6/6) get 10 years explicit + 10 years fade before terminal; cyclical/struggling names (quality 0-1) get a 5-year terminal cliff. Quality is scored from ROE, gross margin, growth, FCF margin, debt load, and FCF consistency — the same factors that drive market premium for compounders.
- Market-Implied Growth (in Model Inputs) — reverse-DCF that answers "what growth rate is the market pricing in?". Lets you sanity-check the deviation: if implied growth is plausible for the business, the model's bearish flag may be wrong; if implausible, the market may be over-extrapolating.
- DDM (Gordon Growth Dividend Model) — values the stream of future dividends. Only used when trailing yield ≥ 2% and dividend payments are stable — below that the dividend is a token payout and Gordon (which values only the dividend stream) systematically underprices growth names, so those route to DCF + comparables + market anchor instead.
- P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/B, P/S — applies the peer-group median multiple to this company's per-share metric. Peers come from the same set as the "Related symbols" card. Earnings/sales metrics are forward-tilted by the company's recent revenue growth (capped at 25%) so they're comparable to peers' growth-embedded multiples — mimics how analysts use NTM rather than TTM. Per-multiple weights are biased by company quality (e.g. P/B down-weighted for asset-light tech).
- Market Anchor (SMA50) — the 50-day moving average, weighted by recent trading-range stability (tighter Bollinger bands → higher weight). Captures information fundamentals miss (forward consensus, sentiment, supply/demand) — but only when recent trading is steady enough that the market has converged on a view. During wild breakouts or breakdowns the anchor's weight collapses.
- Options Expected (B-L 30d) — the risk-neutral expected stock price at 30-day options expiration, derived from the full implied-volatility surface via Breeden-Litzenberger (second derivative of call price wrt strike → implied PDF, then E[S_T]). Forward-looking, captures all options-implied information (smile, skew, term structure) in one number. Weighted by chain liquidity. SP500-only at present (pre-computed daily). Backtest evidence: adds modest alpha across most bucket × holding combos.
- Blended value — weighted average. Confidence reflects how many methods fired and how tight peer dispersion is.
- Deviation pill — green when blended FV ≥ 10% above current price (undervalued); red when ≥ 10% below; grey otherwise.
| 10-yr Treasury (rf) | 5.12% |
| Beta vs SPY | 0.77 |
| Cost of Equity (CAPM) | 8.97% (VRP-adj) |
| WACC | 8.46% |
| Volatility Risk Premium | +31.2pp (IV − HV30) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 22.9% |
| Rev. Growth (YoY, DCF input) | +9.9% |
| DCF Horizon | 12 years explicit + fade |
| Forward Tilt (NTM/TTM) | ×1.10 (applied to P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/S) |
| Free Cash Flow (TTM) | $6.5B |
| Return on Equity (TTM) | 35.5% |
| Book / Price | 11.7% |
| Gross Margin (TTM) | 84.2% |
| FCF Margin (TTM) | 25.6% |
| Debt / Equity | 1.40 |
| Quality Score | 4/6 — high quality (12y DCF) |
| Market-Implied Growth | +11.7% (reverse-DCF on current price) |
| SMA 50 | $287.52 (Market Anchor value) |
| SMA 20 / Bollinger Mid | $280.92 |
| Bollinger Width / SMA20 | 3.5% (drives anchor stability) |
| Net Debt | $27.4B |
| Market Cap | $177B |
| Method | Implied Price | Weight | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| DCF | $260.40 | 19% | |
| DDM (Gordon) | $147.14 | 0% | |
| Peer P/E | $377.69 | 9% | median 27.8× · 7 peers |
| Peer EV/EBITDA | $326.03 | 9% | median 15.9× · 7 peers |
| Peer P/B | $195.54 | 2% | median 5.6× · 7 peers |
| Peer P/S | $100.13 | 6% | median 2.1× · 7 peers |
| Market Anchor (SMA50) | $287.52 | 38% | stability 100% (BB-width) |
| Options Expected (B-L 30d) | $301.40 | 19% | 39 strikes · skew +1.05 |
- Industry (SIC)
- RAILROADS, LINE-HAUL OPERATING (4011) · industry map
- Exchange
- XNYS
- Market Cap
- $177.1B
- Employees
- 28,716
- List Date
- 1969-06-20
- CIK
- 0000100885
- Headquarters
- Omaha, NE
- Homepage
- https://www.up.com
Omaha, Nebraska-based Union Pacific is the largest public railroad in North America. Operating on more than 30,000 miles of track in the western two-thirds of the US, Union Pacific generated $24.5 billion of revenue in 2025 by hauling coal, industrial products, intermodal containers, agricultural goods, chemicals, fertilizers, and automotive goods. Union Pacific owns about one-fourth of Mexican railroad Ferromex and historically derives roughly 10% of its revenue hauling freight to and from Mexico.
Each spoke is this symbol's rank within its sector (0–100; the dotted ring marks the sector median at 50). Higher is more constructive for a long. One spoke — News sentiment — is an absolute reading, not a sector rank. Grayed spokes have no data. A fuller shape is a summary, not a recommendation.
| Month | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | '25 | '26 | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -2.73% | -1.30% | -1.63% | 0.21% | 8.15% | 1.38% | 0.68% |
| Feb | 3.71% | -0.31% | -0.31% | 1.77% | 1.51% | 12.65% | 3.17% |
| Mar | 5.37% | 12.70% | -3.24% | -2.79% | -3.89% | -9.12% | -0.16% |
| Apr | 0.85% | -9.87% | -1.92% | -2.52% | -9.07% | 10.84% | -1.95% |
| May | 0.44% | -5.62% | -3.08% | -0.91% | 3.54% | -1.38% | -1.17% |
| Jun | -2.27% | -3.63% | 4.57% | -0.90% | 5.11% | 3.23% | 1.02% |
| Jul | -2.14% | 5.59% | 12.56% | 9.73% | -5.77% | 5.87% | 4.31% |
| Aug | -0.31% | -1.13% | -4.72% | 4.75% | 1.90% | 3.24% | 0.62% |
| Sep | -9.64% | -13.82% | -7.87% | -3.42% | 6.48% | -6.36% | -5.77% |
| Oct | 19.66% | -1.56% | 2.45% | -5.49% | -6.12% | 7.51%* | 2.74% |
| Nov | -1.60% | 10.47% | 8.53% | 5.14% | 5.95% | -- | 5.70% |
| Dec | 8.01% | -4.10% | 6.16% | -5.29% | -0.02% | -- | 0.95% |
| Total | 17.97% | -14.71% | 10.01% | -0.86% | 6.17% | 28.87% | 7.91% |
Quick-reference for reading the values below. Indicators combine to confirm a view — no single one is a trade signal on its own.
- SMA 20 / 50 / 200 — price above = uptrend, below = downtrend. SMA 50 crossing SMA 200 is the golden/death cross.
- EMA 12 / 26 — faster-reacting averages; 12 above 26 is short-term bullish.
- MACD — bullish when MACD > signal (green badge), bearish when below. Divergence from price often precedes reversals.
- ADX (14) — trend strength regardless of direction. <20 range, 20–25 weak trend, 25–50 trend, >50 strong trend.
- +DI / −DI — +DI > −DI favors bulls; the reverse favors bears. Read alongside ADX.
- RSI (14) — <30 oversold, >70 overbought. 40–60 is neutral; trending names can stay extreme.
- Stochastic %K / %D — <20 oversold, >80 overbought. %K crossing %D is an early momentum signal.
- Williams %R — inverted scale: <−80 oversold, >−20 overbought.
Oscillators work best in range-bound markets; in strong trends they give premature reversal signals.
- Bollinger Bands — price at upper band = overbought, lower = oversold. Narrow bands (squeeze) often precede expansion.
- OBV — cumulative volume; rising OBV confirms uptrend, falling OBV confirms downtrend. Divergence from price is a warning.
- Vol SMA 20 / Vol ROC — today's volume vs. 20-day average. Positive ROC with price move = conviction.
- ATR / True Range — average daily $ move; sizing and stop-loss reference.
- HV 20 / 30 / 60 — realized (historical) volatility. Compare to IV on the options cards: IV > HV = rich premium.
Confluence matters: trend + momentum + volume agreeing carries far more weight than any single indicator. For how these feed the spread scanner score, see the algorithm docs →
Trend Indicators
Momentum Oscillators
Volume & Volatility
Data Summary
LLM Stock Analysis Report
Executive Summary
Overall Assessment: BULLISH (Confidence Level: 7/10)
Key Drivers:
- Positive news headlines related to Union Pacific's agreement with CN to improve North American rail connectivity
- Bullish momentum signals from technical indicators, including MACD and RSI
Primary Risks:
- High implied volatility (43.0%) indicating potential for significant price movements
- Options market pricing a $14.40 move by expiration, which may not be reflected in the current stock price
Investment Thesis: UNP's recent agreement with CN has boosted sentiment, and the stock is poised to continue its uptrend as the partnership enhances rail connectivity and creates opportunities for customers.
Recent News Sentiment Impact: The positive news headlines have contributed to a bullish tone, driving prices higher. However, further confirmation of the partnership's success will be necessary to sustain the rally.
Technical Analysis
Trend Direction:
- Short-term (1-4 weeks): UP
- Medium-term (1-3 months): UP
- Long-term (3-12 months): UP
Support/Resistance Levels:
- Upper Bollinger Band: $304.48
- Middle Line (EMA 50): $295.61
- Lower Bollinger Band: $286.74
Momentum Signals:
- RSI (14): 53.50 (neutral)
- MACD: Bullish momentum with a strong signal line crossover
- Bollinger Bands: Neutral, with the price touching the middle band
Volume Analysis: Volume has been decreasing, indicating a potential consolidation or mean reversion phase.
News & Sentiment Analysis
Recent Headlines Summary: Union Pacific and CN have announced an agreement to improve North American rail connectivity, which has boosted sentiment and driven prices higher.
Sentiment Assessment: Aggregate news sentiment is POSITIVE (90% positive headlines).
Catalyst Identification: The partnership's success will be crucial in sustaining the rally. Upcoming events include earnings releases from Union Pacific and CN.
Market Narrative: The news has aligned with technical signals, driving prices higher. Further confirmation of the partnership's success will be necessary to sustain the rally.
Risk & Volatility Assessment
Beta Interpretation: Low risk (beta 0.27), indicating that UNP moves less than the market.
Volatility Regime: Historical volatility is low, with HV20 and HV30 at 23.6%. However, IV Premium vs HV30 indicates a relatively high implied volatility (82.6%).
Options Market Signals: High IV rank (33.6%), medium IV (43.0%), and a put/call volume ratio of 6.00 suggest bearish sentiment.
Downside Protection: Support levels are at $286.74 (lower Bollinger Band) and $295.61 (middle Line EMA 50).
Market Context & Positioning
Sector Performance: Railroads have been strong, with UNP outperforming the sector.
Institutional Activity: Volume patterns suggest institutional interest is increasing.
Correlation Analysis: R-squared interpretation indicates a moderate correlation with the broader market (0.16).
Relative Valuation: UNP's price is within its trading range, indicating a relatively fair value.
Key Levels & Action Items
Critical Price Levels:
- Support: $286.74
- Resistance: $304.48
Breakout/Breakdown Levels:
- Breakout above the upper Bollinger Band: $304.48
- Breakdown below the lower Bollinger Band: $286.74
Time-Sensitive Catalysts: Earnings releases from Union Pacific and CN.
Risk Management: Monitor volume and volatility indicators to gauge market sentiment. Set stop-loss levels at $286.74 (lower Bollinger Band) or $295.61 (middle Line EMA 50).
| Earnings Date | Timing | Expected Move | Actual Move | Ratio | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-01-08 | Pre-Market | 1.16% | 2.87% | 2.47x | Exceeded |
| 2021-04-22 | Pre-Market | 2.90% | 2.44% | 0.84x | Within |
| 2021-07-22 | Pre-Market | 2.85% | 1.08% | 0.38x | Within |
| 2021-10-21 | Pre-Market | 2.94% | 1.43% | 0.49x | Within |
| 2022-01-20 | Pre-Market | 3.05% | 1.08% | 0.35x | Within |
| 2022-04-21 | Pre-Market | 2.87% | 1.08% | 0.38x | Within |
| 2022-07-21 | Pre-Market | 3.31% | 1.19% | 0.36x | Within |
| 2022-10-20 | Pre-Market | 3.31% | 6.80% | 2.05x | Exceeded |
| 2023-01-24 | Pre-Market | 3.55% | 3.31% | 0.93x | Within |
| 2023-04-20 | Pre-Market | 2.70% | 0.30% | 0.11x | Within |
| 2023-07-26 | Pre-Market | 2.89% | 10.42% | 3.61x | Exceeded |
| 2023-10-19 | Pre-Market | 3.93% | 2.14% | 0.54x | Within |
| 2024-01-25 | Pre-Market | 3.49% | 0.31% | 0.09x | Within |
| 2024-04-25 | Pre-Market | 3.79% | 4.99% | 1.32x | Exceeded |
| 2024-07-25 | Pre-Market | 3.38% | 0.86% | 0.25x | Within |
| 2024-10-24 | Pre-Market | 2.49% | 4.39% | 1.76x | Exceeded |
| 2025-01-23 | Pre-Market | 3.63% | 5.20% | 1.43x | Exceeded |
| 2025-04-24 | Pre-Market | 4.28% | 1.97% | 0.46x | Within |
| 2025-07-24 | Pre-Market | 3.42% | 4.54% | 1.33x | Exceeded |
| 2025-10-23 | Pre-Market | 3.41% | 2.31% | 0.68x | Within |
| 2026-01-27 | Pre-Market | 3.68% | 0.72% | 0.20x | Within |
| 2026-04-23 | Pre-Market | 3.57% | 8.77% | 2.46x | Exceeded |
| 2026-07-23 | Pre-Market | 4.07% | 4.02% | 0.99x | Within |
| 2026-10-22 | Pre-Market | 3.25% | 3.55% | 1.09x | Exceeded |
Earnings calendar: this week’s reports with expected vs actual moves →
UNP Options Activity & IV Rank
UNP IV rank history, 52-week IV rank and IV percentile →
Volatility Metrics
Options Flow
ATM Options Pricing
Chain Summary
Each spread is ranked by a composite score built in three stages. Full documentation →
score = P(profit) × (credit / spread_width)
P(profit) from short leg delta (1 − |delta|), penalised above 85%. Credit uses mid-price to handle illiquid chains fairly.
RR and BF (30-delta) from the persisted per-symbol skew snapshot — wing strikes picked by real greeks.delta, not a moneyness proxy. Put skew boosts bull puts, penalises bear calls. High butterfly boosts iron condors. Calendars are skew-neutral.
- RSI <40 bullish / >60 bearish
- MACD crossover + histogram trend
- Price vs SMA 50 & SMA 200
- Stochastic %K <20 / >80
- Williams %R <−80 / >−20
- Blended ATR + straddle expected-move penalty
- Bollinger Band signal (+ counter-trend penalty)
- BB width — vol contraction boost for ICs
- IV rank ≥ 75 → strong boost for credit spreads
- IV rank < 25 → penalty (selling cheap vol)
- Min open interest across all legs
- OI < 100 → −0.10 · OI < 500 → −0.05
score = base_score × skew_multiplier × tech_multiplier
Both multipliers are shown per spread. Beta is informational only — ATR already captures realized vol. Full algorithm documentation →
Enter a ticker to scan for optimal spread opportunities.
Evaluates all bull put, bear call, iron condor, and calendar spread combinations using GPU-accelerated analysis.
Estimated net dealer gamma is at the 71st percentile of this name's own daily history, within its typical range. This describes current positioning; it is not a forecast or a trading signal.
Net dealer gamma is an estimate of the aggregate gamma held by options market makers across this name's option chain, weighted by open interest. Dealer positions aren't public, so it uses a standard simplifying assumption: dealers are treated as long the calls and short the puts that are open. Actual dealer books can differ.
Gamma percentile ranks today's estimate against this name's own daily history, from 0% (the lowest reading on record) to 100% (the highest). Raw gamma scales with how much open interest a chain carries, so it isn't comparable across names; the percentile is. The badge marks the bottom 20% as low and the top 20% as high.
Tilts run from −1 to +1 and show how lopsided the estimated dealer exposure is. GEX tilt compares call gamma with put gamma. Vanna tilt describes how the hedge would shift if implied volatility changed, and charm tilt how it would shift with the passage of time.
This card describes estimated positioning and where it sits historically. It is not a forecast of price direction or volatility and not a trading signal. Market-wide view: Dealer positioning screener.
IV(put wing) − IV(ATM), in vol pointsHow much the OTM put trades above (or below) the at-the-money strike. Measures the height of the put-side tail relative to ATM — i.e. how expensive crash insurance is on this name.
- Positive (typical) — wing IV > ATM IV. Standard equity put skew: portfolios bid up crash protection, so OTM puts trade richer than ATM.
- Near zero or negative (unusual) — wing IV ≤ ATM IV. Flat or inverted put side. Common when there's no fear demand, in tightly mean-reverting names, or right after an earnings catalyst clears.
- Percentile vs own 3-yr history: high = wings rich (good time to sell wing premium); low = wings cheap (good time to buy protection).
- Not directional — high or low wings don't predict up or down moves. It's a price tag on tail insurance, not a forecast.
IV(call wing) − IV(put wing), equal delta on each sideWhich side of the smile is the market paying up for? Measures the tilt of the surface — call skew vs put skew at matched deltas.
- Negative (typical) — puts richer than calls. Standard equity behavior: hedging demand makes puts carry a premium. Most large-caps sit in the −1 to −5 vol-point range.
- Strongly negative (< −5 pts) — heavy downside hedging, elevated fear, or an upcoming catalyst (earnings, FDA, macro event). Worth flagging.
- Positive — calls richer than puts. Unusual for equities; signals bullish momentum, short-squeeze positioning, or takeover/M&A speculation.
- Near zero — symmetric surface. Market sees roughly equal up/down risk. Rare for large-caps; more common in commodities and FX.
Wing-vs-ATM tells you how expensive the tails are. Risk Reversal tells you which side is favored. Combined:
- High wing percentile + deeply negative RR → strong put bid; stress or major event priced in. Owning protection costs a premium; selling put premium is dangerous.
- Low wing percentile + near-zero RR → complacency; insurance cheap and balanced. Good environment to add cheap downside hedges.
- Positive RR + elevated wings → call-side fear-of-missing-out; common in squeeze setups. Upside calls expensive, downside puts not bid.
Percentile is the rank of today's reading within ~3 years of this symbol's own history. High percentile = wings are rich relative to history; not a directional signal. Skew is read off the chain in real time, not from CBOE SKEW.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility surface.
Enter a ticker to render the implied volatility smile.
Risk Metrics
Analysis Details
Data Points: 251
Period: 252 trading days
Low volatility - stock moves less than market
| Investor | Value | Share of their portfolio | Rank | Q/Q shares | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viking Global Hedge fund Andreas Halvorsen | $556.9M | #24 of 90 | new | 13F | |
| Baupost Group Hedge fund Seth Klarman | $322.4M | #7 of 23 | -23.1% | 13F | |
| Point72 Hedge fund Steve Cohen | $253.2M | #38 of 1945 | +237.2% | 13F | |
| Rockefeller Capital Management Family office Rockefeller family | $168.3M | #79 of 4729 | +6.4% | 13F | |
| Citadel Hedge fund Ken Griffin | $144.8M | #285 of 6285 | +46.7% | 13F | |
| Bridgewater Associates Hedge fund Ray Dalio | $139.9M | #19 of 997 | -3.5% | 13F | |
| Third Point Activist Dan Loeb | $95.2M | #21 of 43 | +250.0% | 13F | |
| Renaissance Technologies Hedge fund Jim Simons | $60.1M | #274 of 3138 | +947.9% | 13F | |
| Markel Group Holding company Tom Gayner | $43.8M | #59 of 130 | +7.2% | 13F | |
| Millennium Management Hedge fund Izzy Englander | $15.7M | #1282 of 3716 | -65.9% | 13F |
Hedge funds, activists, holding companies and family offices we track, from their latest 13F (quarter-end value) and Form 4 filings in the last 3 years. Family offices · all institutions
UNP Institutional Ownership (13F)
Latest filings — 2026-09-30Institutional managers with $100M+ AUM file Form 13F-HR quarterly, due 45 days after quarter end. Holdings are reported gross at quarter-end market value — they are a snapshot, not a real-time position.
- Shares — long equity positions in this name, aggregated across share classes.
- Calls / Puts — notional value of long call / put exposure where this ticker is the underlying.
- % of Float — holder's reported shares divided by the latest diluted shares outstanding. Sums above 100% indicate large custodian / prime broker positions where the same shares are reported by multiple filers.
- Custodian badge — filers with more than 5,000 holdings are typically broker-dealers / custodians reporting customer-held shares, not active managers.
Each filer is counted once at its latest 13F-HR filing. New filings are ingested on a weekly cadence.
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Citadel Advisors LLC Custodian | $459.76M | 34.13% | 2026-06-30 |
| 2 | Susquehanna International Group, LLP Custodian | $274.61M | 20.38% | 2026-06-30 |
| 3 | Jane Street Group, LLC Custodian | $156.13M | 11.59% | 2026-06-30 |
| 4 | IMC-Chicago, LLC Custodian | $89.95M | 6.68% | 2026-06-30 |
| 5 | Caption Management, LLC | $40.80M | 3.03% | 2026-06-30 |
| 6 | Walleye Trading LLC | $35.20M | 2.61% | 2026-06-30 |
| 7 | GROUP ONE TRADING LLC Custodian | $34.92M | 2.59% | 2026-06-30 |
| 8 | Wolverine Trading, LLC Custodian | $33.09M | 2.46% | 2025-09-30 |
| 9 | Simplex Trading, LLC Custodian | $25.51M | 1.89% | 2026-06-30 |
| 10 | Arvin Capital Management LP | $23.94M | 1.78% | 2026-06-30 |
| 11 | Allianz Asset Management GmbH | $23.26M | 1.73% | 2026-06-30 |
| 12 | UBS Group AG Custodian | $16.84M | 1.25% | 2026-06-30 |
| 13 | JPMorgan Chase & Co Custodian | $14.70M | 1.09% | 2026-06-30 |
| 14 | Walleye Capital LLC | $13.74M | 1.02% | 2026-06-30 |
| 15 | Goldman Sachs Group Inc Custodian | $13.22M | 0.98% | 2026-06-30 |
| 16 | Alphadyne Asset Management LP | $13.06M | 0.97% | 2026-06-30 |
| 17 | ExodusPoint Capital Management, LP | $11.64M | 0.86% | 2026-06-30 |
| 18 | Millennium Management LLC Custodian | $10.80M | 0.80% | 2026-06-30 |
| 19 | Eisler Capital Management Ltd. | $9.69M | 0.72% | 2025-09-30 |
| 20 | Balyasny Asset Management L.P. | $6.56M | 0.49% | 2026-06-30 |
| 21 | Symmetry Investments LP | $5.47M | 0.41% | 2026-06-30 |
| 22 | Qube Research & Technologies Ltd | $4.46M | 0.33% | 2026-06-30 |
| 23 | Squarepoint Ops LLC | $4.27M | 0.32% | 2026-06-30 |
| 24 | CAPITAL FUND MANAGEMENT S.A. | $4.19M | 0.31% | 2026-06-30 |
| 25 | CAPSTONE INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC | $2.88M | 0.21% | 2026-06-30 |
| # | Filer | Notional Value | % of Total | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Susquehanna International Group, LLP Custodian | $205.55M | 25.42% | 2026-06-30 |
| 2 | Citadel Advisors LLC Custodian | $123.38M | 15.26% | 2026-06-30 |
| 3 | Walleye Trading LLC | $78.47M | 9.71% | 2026-06-30 |
| 4 | Jane Street Group, LLC Custodian | $69.74M | 8.63% | 2026-06-30 |
| 5 | Wells Fargo & Company Custodian | $59.84M | 7.40% | 2026-06-30 |
| 6 | Goldman Sachs Group Inc Custodian | $37.89M | 4.69% | 2026-06-30 |
| 7 | Wolverine Trading, LLC Custodian | $34.69M | 4.29% | 2025-09-30 |
| 8 | Balyasny Asset Management L.P. | $29.38M | 3.63% | 2026-06-30 |
| 9 | Allianz Asset Management GmbH | $24.67M | 3.05% | 2026-06-30 |
| 10 | Alphadyne Asset Management LP | $17.90M | 2.21% | 2026-06-30 |
| 11 | CAPSTONE INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC | $17.68M | 2.19% | 2026-06-30 |
| 12 | Eisler Capital Management Ltd. | $17.63M | 2.18% | 2025-09-30 |
| 13 | Centiva Capital, LP | $13.60M | 1.68% | 2026-06-30 |
| 14 | Millennium Management LLC Custodian | $11.34M | 1.40% | 2026-06-30 |
| 15 | Schonfeld Strategic Advisors LLC | $10.34M | 1.28% | 2026-06-30 |
| 16 | UBS Group AG Custodian | $9.87M | 1.22% | 2026-06-30 |
| 17 | TUDOR INVESTMENT CORP ET AL | $7.21M | 0.89% | 2026-06-30 |
| 18 | Verition Fund Management LLC | $6.31M | 0.78% | 2026-06-30 |
| 19 | Qube Research & Technologies Ltd | $4.60M | 0.57% | 2026-06-30 |
| 20 | Squarepoint Ops LLC | $4.52M | 0.56% | 2026-06-30 |
| 21 | Point72 Asset Management, L.P. | $4.19M | 0.52% | 2026-06-30 |
| 22 | Walleye Capital LLC | $4.05M | 0.50% | 2026-06-30 |
| 23 | BNP Paribas Financial Markets Custodian | $3.32M | 0.41% | 2026-06-30 |
| 24 | CAPITAL FUND MANAGEMENT S.A. | $2.88M | 0.36% | 2026-06-30 |
| 25 | Cubist Systematic Strategies, LLC | $1.51M | 0.19% | 2025-09-30 |
UNP Insider Trading (Form 4)
Latest: 2026-10-20| Filed | Reporter | Role | Action | Shares | Avg Price | Net $ | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-20 | Christina B Conlin | EVP CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER & CORP | Award (A) | +2 | $278.34 | $635 | EDGAR |
| 2026-10-20 | Carrie J Powers | VP & CONTROLLER | Award (A) | +5 | $278.34 | $1.6K | EDGAR |
| 2026-10-20 | Kenyatta G Rocker | EVP MARKETING & SALES | Award (A) | +2 | $278.34 | $744 | EDGAR |
| 2026-10-01 | Michael R McCarthy | Director | Grant (A) | +839 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-10-01 | Christopher J Williams | Director | Grant (A) | +194 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-10-01 | Doyle Simons | Director | Grant (A) | +312 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-10-01 | Jane H Lute | Director | Grant (A) | +372 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-10-01 | W Anthony Will | Director | Grant (A) | +162 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-10-01 | Teresa Finley | Director | Grant (A) | +179 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-10-01 | Deborah C Hopkins | Director | Grant (A) | +229 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-10-01 | John K Tien Jr | Director | Grant (A) | +171 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-10-01 | John Wiehoff | Director | Grant (A) | +172 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-10-01 | Sheri H. Edison | Director | Grant (A) | +179 RSU | — | EDGAR | |
| 2026-09-11 | Rahul Jalali | EVP & CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICE | Award (A) | +5 | $285.78 | $1.5K | EDGAR |
| 2026-09-11 | Kenyatta G Rocker | EVP MARKETING & SALES | Award (A) | +2 | $285.78 | $744 | EDGAR |
UNP Insider Holdings
16 insiders · @ $292.87| # | Insider | Role | Shares | Disclosed Exposure | Lifetime OM Net | Filings | Last Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vincenzo J Vena | CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER | 223,900 | $65.57M | $1.50M | 18 | 2026-04-13 |
| 2 | Jennifer L Hamann | EVP & CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER | 120,398 | $35.26M | -$1.82M | 78 | 2026-09-11 |
| 3 | Elizabeth F Whited | PRESIDENT | 81,091 | $23.75M | -$16.56M | 75 | 2025-04-29 |
| 4 | Kenyatta G Rocker | EVP MARKETING & SALES | 62,017 | $18.16M | -$10.38M | 82 | 2026-10-20 |
| 5 | Eric J Gehringer | EVP OPERATIONS | 56,087 | $16.43M | -$1.52M | 51 | 2026-06-11 |
| 6 | Michael R McCarthy | Director | 54,588 | $15.99M | $3.90M | 75 | 2026-10-01 |
| 7 | Rahul Jalali | EVP & CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICE | 33,136 | $9.70M | $0 | 33 | 2026-09-11 |
| 8 | Craig V Richardson | EVP CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER & CORP | 28,079 | $8.22M | -$1.64M | 43 | 2025-03-11 |
| 9 | William J DeLaney III | Director | 17,500 | $5.13M | $2.94M | 29 | 2025-04-02 |
| 10 | Christina B Conlin | EVP CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER & CORP | 16,016 | $4.69M | $0 | 20 | 2026-10-20 |
UNP Board & Officers
As of SEC filings through Oct 20, 2026Directors 12
- Michael R McCarthy · since Oct 1, 2008
- David B Dillon · since Mar 20, 2014
- Jane H Lute · since Apr 5, 2016
- Deborah C Hopkins · since Jan 1, 2017
- Christopher J Williams · since Nov 14, 2019
- Sheri H. Edison · since Dec 1, 2021
- Teresa Finley · since Feb 4, 2022
- Doyle Simons · since Jul 26, 2023
- John Wiehoff · since Jul 26, 2023
- Vincenzo J Vena · listed since Dec 2023
- John K Tien Jr · since Dec 14, 2023
- W Anthony Will · since Jan 6, 2026
Officers 7
- Vincenzo J Vena · Chief Executive Officer · listed since Aug 2023
- Jennifer L Hamann · EVP & Chief Financial Officer · since Jan 1, 2020
- Rahul Jalali · EVP & Chief Information Office · listed since Jul 2023
- Christina B Conlin · EVP Chief Legal Officer & Corp · listed since Aug 2025
- Kenyatta G Rocker · EVP Marketing & Sales · since Aug 15, 2018
- Eric J Gehringer · EVP Operations · since Jan 1, 2021
- Carrie J Powers · VP & Controller · listed since Jun 2025
Changes in the last 10 years (40)
| Jan 6, 2026 | W Anthony Will became a director |
| Aug 11, 2025 | Christina B Conlin listed as EVP Chief Legal Officer & Corp (previously SVP Chief Legal Officer & Corp) in SEC filings |
| Jun 11, 2025 | Carrie J Powers listed as VP & Controller (previously VP Controller & CAO) in SEC filings |
| May 9, 2025 | The company announced the departure of Elizabeth F Whited as President in an SEC filing |
| May 8, 2025 | Carrie J Powers became VP Controller & CAO |
| Apr 1, 2025 | Christina B Conlin became SVP Chief Legal Officer & Corp |
| Mar 11, 2025 | Todd M. Rynaski listed as Chief Acctg Risk & Comp Office (previously Chief Acctg, Risk & Compl Ofr) in SEC filings |
| Dec 14, 2023 | John K Tien Jr became a director |
| Dec 11, 2023 | Vincenzo J Vena first listed as a director in an SEC filing |
| Sep 28, 2023 | The company announced the departure of Jose H Villarreal from the board in an SEC filing |
| Aug 21, 2023 | Vincenzo J Vena listed as Chief Executive Officer (previously Chief Operating Officer) in SEC filings |
| Aug 14, 2023 | Elizabeth F Whited listed as President (previously EVP Sustainability & Strategy) in SEC filings |
| Jul 26, 2023 | John Wiehoff became a director |
| Jul 26, 2023 | Doyle Simons became a director |
| Jul 25, 2023 | The company announced the departure of Lance M Fritz as Chairman President & CEO in an SEC filing |
| Jul 12, 2023 | Rahul Jalali listed as EVP & Chief Information Office (previously EVP & CIO) in SEC filings |
| Jun 1, 2023 | Rahul Jalali became EVP & CIO |
| Sep 12, 2022 | Todd M. Rynaski listed as Chief Acctg, Risk & Compl Ofr (previously VP & Controller) in SEC filings |
| Feb 4, 2022 | Teresa Finley became a director |
| Feb 4, 2022 | Elizabeth F Whited listed as EVP Sustainability & Strategy (previously EVP & Chief HR Officer) in SEC filings |
| Dec 1, 2021 | Sheri H. Edison became a director |
| Feb 5, 2021 | Craig V Richardson listed as EVP Chief Legal Officer & Corp (previously EVP CLO & Corp Sec) in SEC filings |
| Jan 1, 2021 | Eric J Gehringer became EVP Operations |
| Dec 14, 2020 | Craig V Richardson became EVP CLO & Corp Sec |
| Jan 1, 2020 | Jennifer L Hamann became EVP & Chief Financial Officer |
| Nov 14, 2019 | Christopher J Williams became a director |
| Feb 11, 2019 | Rhonda S Ferguson listed as EVP CLO & Corp Sec (previously EVP & Chief Legal Officer) in SEC filings |
| Feb 11, 2019 | Elizabeth F Whited listed as EVP & Chief HR Officer (previously EVP & Chief Marketing Officer) in SEC filings |
| Jan 14, 2019 | Vincenzo J Vena became Chief Operating Officer |
| Sep 5, 2018 | William J DeLaney III became a director |
| Aug 15, 2018 | Thomas A Lischer became EVP Operations |
| Aug 15, 2018 | Kenyatta G Rocker became EVP Marketing & Sales |
| Aug 7, 2018 | Todd M. Rynaski listed as VP & Controller (previously VP Controller & CAO Upc) in SEC filings |
| Aug 1, 2018 | Lynden L Tennison listed as EVP & Chief Strategy Officer (previously SVP & CIO) in SEC filings |
| Dec 1, 2017 | Eric L Butler left as EVP Chief Admin Officer & Corp, per their own SEC filing |
| Jul 26, 2017 | Bhavesh V. Patel became a director |
| Feb 8, 2017 | Eric L Butler listed as EVP Chief Admin Officer & Corp (previously EVP & Chief Admin Officer) in SEC filings |
| Jan 1, 2017 | Deborah C Hopkins became a director |
| Dec 12, 2016 | Eric L Butler listed as EVP & Chief Admin Officer (previously EVP Mktg & Sales) in SEC filings |
| Dec 1, 2016 | Elizabeth F Whited became EVP & Chief Marketing Officer |
- Prev
- 1
Not reported recently (16)
- Todd M. Rynaski · Last reported as Chief Acctg Risk & Comp Office in an SEC filing dated Apr 11, 2025
- William J DeLaney III · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 2, 2025
- Craig V Richardson · Last reported as EVP Chief Legal Officer & Corp in an SEC filing dated Mar 11, 2025
- Andrew H Card JR · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 4, 2022
- Thomas F McLarty III · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 4, 2022
- Bhavesh V. Patel · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 5, 2021
- Rhonda S Ferguson · Last reported as EVP CLO & Corp Sec in an SEC filing dated Aug 14, 2020
- Erroll B Davis Jr · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 2, 2020
- Thomas A Lischer · Last reported as EVP Operations in an SEC filing dated Feb 7, 2020
- Robert M Knight Jr · Last reported as EVP & Chief Financial Officer in an SEC filing dated Aug 1, 2019
- Lynden L Tennison · Last reported as EVP & Chief Strategy Officer in an SEC filing dated Feb 11, 2019
- Michael W McConnell · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 3, 2018
- Steven R Rogel · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 3, 2018
- Cameron A Scott · Last reported as EVP & Chief Operating Officer in an SEC filing dated Feb 12, 2018
- Charles C Krulak · Last reported as a director in an SEC filing dated Apr 4, 2017
- Diane K Duren · Last reported as EVP & Corporate Secretary in an SEC filing dated Nov 21, 2016
UNP Proposed Insider Sales (Form 144)
Latest: 2026-06-03What is Form 144? A notice of intent to sell restricted or control stock under Rule 144. Affiliates (officers, directors, 10%+ owners) and holders of restricted shares must file Form 144 when planning to sell more than 5,000 shares or $50,000 in any 3-month rolling window.
How it relates to Form 4: Form 144 is filed before the trade (up to 90 days in advance); Form 4 is filed within 2 business days after the trade executes. Not every Form 144 results in a sale — the filer may cancel or delay. Look for the corresponding Form 4 on the Insider Activity card to confirm a sale actually happened.
10b5-1 plans: Trades made under a pre-scheduled Rule 10b5-1 plan are not discretionary — they execute automatically on dates set months earlier, regardless of news. High 10b5-1 percentages mean less per-filing signal value, though cumulative selling volume still matters.
"Notice value": Aggregate market value the filer wrote into the Form 144 — i.e. the size of the planned sale, not necessarily the executed dollars. An amended notice (Form 144/A) replaces the original it amends, and cancelled notices are dropped, so neither is double-counted above. A filed value that is clearly inconsistent with the share count at the stock's price (a filer typo) shows as a dash and is left out of the totals.
Source & freshness: Sourced from public Form 144 filings. Refreshed daily; new filings typically appear here the morning after they are filed.
| Filed | Filer | Role | Shares | Notice Value | Planned Sale | Broker | Plan | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-03 | ERIC GEHRINGER | Officer | 2,991 | $789.5K | 2026-06-03 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-04-30 | Hamann Jennifer L | Officer | 2,000 | $549.0K | 2026-04-24 | Pershing LLC | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-04-24 | KENYATTA G ROCKER | Officer | 27,387 | $7.44M | 2026-04-24 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | — | EDGAR |
| 2026-03-20 | ERIC GEHRINGER | Officer | 1,999 | $469.6K | 2026-03-20 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| 2025-01-27 | CRAIG V RICHARDSON | Officer | 6,495 | $1.64M | 2025-01-27 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| 2025-01-24 | ELIZABETH WHITED | Officer | 7,500 | $1.88M | 2025-01-24 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| 2024-07-30 | ELIZABETH WHITED | Officer | 3,553 | $875.0K | 2024-07-30 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| 2024-02-15 | ELIZABETH WHITED | Officer | 3,750 | $937.5K | 2024-02-15 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| 2024-02-14 | ELIZABETH WHITED | Officer | 3,750 | $923.9K | 2024-02-14 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| 2023-10-30 | ERIC GEHRINGER | Officer | 1,274 | $258.9K | 2023-10-30 | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC … | 10b5-1 | EDGAR |
| Filing Date | Accession | Link |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-05-18 | 0000100885-26-000174 | EDGAR |
| 2026-04-23 | 0000100885-26-000154 | EDGAR |
| 2026-01-27 | 0000100885-26-000032 | EDGAR |
| 2025-12-19 | 0000100885-25-000347 | EDGAR |
| 2025-12-12 | 0000100885-25-000345 | EDGAR |
| 2025-11-17 | 0000100885-25-000332 | EDGAR |
| 2025-11-06 | 0001193125-25-270046 | EDGAR |
| 2025-10-23 | 0000100885-25-000320 | EDGAR |
| 2025-09-10 | 0000100885-25-000271 | EDGAR |
| 2025-07-29 | 0001193125-25-167154 | EDGAR |
| Filing Date | Accession | Link |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-23 | 0000100885-26-000155 | EDGAR |
| 2025-10-23 | 0000100885-25-000321 | EDGAR |
| 2025-07-24 | 0000100885-25-000253 | EDGAR |
| 2025-04-24 | 0000100885-25-000151 | EDGAR |
| 2024-10-24 | 0001437749-24-032008 | EDGAR |
| 2024-07-25 | 0001437749-24-023463 | EDGAR |
| 2024-04-25 | 0001437749-24-013206 | EDGAR |
| 2023-10-19 | 0001437749-23-028607 | EDGAR |
| 2023-07-26 | 0001437749-23-020699 | EDGAR |
| 2023-04-20 | 0001437749-23-010730 | EDGAR |
| # | ETF | Provider | Weight | $ Exposure | ETF AUM | As Of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VTI Vanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF | Vanguard | 0.22% | $5.1B | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 2 | VOO Vanguard S&P 500 ETF | Vanguard | 0.25% | $4.2B | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 3 | IVV iShares Core S&P 500 ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.26% | $2.3B | $878.4B | 2026-10-21 |
| 4 | SPY State Street® SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust | SPDR (State Street) | 0.26% | $2.1B | $820.7B | 2026-10-21 |
| 5 | VTV Vanguard Morningstar Value ETF | Vanguard | 0.61% | $1.5B | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 6 | XLI State Street® Industrial Select Sector SPDR® ETF | SPDR (State Street) | 3.20% | $983.6M | $30.8B | 2026-10-21 |
| 7 | VIG Vanguard Dividend Appreciation ETF | Vanguard | 0.72% | $914.7M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 8 | CGDV Capital Group Dividend Value ETF | Capitalgroup | 2.28% | $890.5M | $39.1B | 2026-10-21 |
| 9 | VYM Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF | Vanguard | 0.69% | $657.0M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 10 | SPYM State Street® SPDR® Portfolio S&P 500® ETF | SPDR (State Street) | 0.26% | $471.7M | $184.5B | 2026-10-21 |
| 11 | PAVE Global X U.S. Infrastructure Development ETF | Global X | 3.26% | $439.1M | — | 2026-10-22 |
| 12 | AVLV Avantis U.S. Large Cap Value ETF | Avantis | 1.60% | $363.2M | $22.3B | 2026-10-21 |
| 13 | IWD iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.42% | $356.1M | $84.8B | 2026-10-21 |
| 14 | IYT iShares U.S. Transportation ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 18.12% | $345.6M | $2.0B | 2026-10-21 |
| 15 | DGRO iShares Core Dividend Growth ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.74% | $327.9M | $44.8B | 2026-10-21 |
| 16 | IVE iShares S&P 500 Value ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.56% | $284.3M | $50.7B | 2026-10-21 |
| 17 | DUHP Dimensional US High Profitability ETF | Dimensional | 1.35% | $262.8M | — | 2026-10-21 |
| 18 | DFAC Dimensional US Core Equity 2 ETF | Dimensional | 0.26% | $231.8M | — | 2026-10-21 |
| 19 | ITOT iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.23% | $222.0M | $96.2B | 2026-10-21 |
| 20 | SPYV State Street® SPDR® Portfolio S&P 500® Value ETF | SPDR (State Street) | 0.56% | $216.9M | $38.4B | 2026-10-21 |
| 21 | RSP Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF | Invesco | 0.20% | $198.5M | — | 2026-10-21 |
| 22 | VV Vanguard Morningstar Large-Cap ETF | Vanguard | 0.25% | $190.4M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 23 | MTUM iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF | iShares (BlackRock) | 0.99% | $185.6M | $18.1B | 2026-10-21 |
| 24 | VIS Vanguard Industrials ETF | Vanguard | 2.11% | $180.7M | — | 2026-09-30 |
| 25 | SCHX Schwab U.S. Large-Cap ETF | Nport | 0.23% | $165.3M | — | 2026-05-31 |
Quarterly filings sourced from SEC 10-Q / 10-K reports. TTM tiles aggregate the most recent four quarters; bars show the last ~12 quarters oldest → newest.
- Revenue — top-line sales. Look for consistent YoY growth; seasonal businesses need same-quarter comparisons (Q4 '24 vs Q4 '23).
- Net Income — bottom-line profit after all expenses. Can be volatile from one-time items; red bars = net loss.
- Diluted EPS — net income per share assuming options/converts are exercised. Direct input to the P/E ratio.
- Operating Cash Flow — cash generated from core operations, before capex and financing. Harder to manipulate than net income; growing OCF is a quality signal.
- Sequential growth — quarter-over-quarter trend. Accelerating bars are a momentum signal.
- YoY growth — compare to the same quarter a year earlier to remove seasonality.
- Quality — OCF should roughly track Net Income over time. Large divergence (net income ≫ OCF) flags accruals risk.
- Margins — scan the bar ratios: Net Income / Revenue tells you margin trend without needing a separate chart.
TTM (trailing-twelve-month) smooths seasonality and is used for the P/E calculation. Filings appear 30–90 days after the period closes.
Quarterly figures (12 quarters)
| Quarter | Period End | Revenue | Net Income | Diluted EPS | Op. Cash Flow |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q2 '26 | 2026-06-30 | $6.86B | $1.99B | $3.36 | $3.08B |
| Q1 '26 | 2026-03-31 | $6.22B | $1.70B | $2.87 | $2.44B |
| Q4 '25 | 2025-12-31 | $6.08B | $1.85B | $3.11 | $2.23B |
| Q3 '25 | 2025-09-30 | $6.24B | $1.79B | $3.01 | $2.52B |
| Q2 '25 | 2025-06-30 | $6.15B | $1.88B | $3.15 | $2.33B |
| Q1 '25 | 2025-03-31 | $6.03B | $1.63B | $2.70 | $2.21B |
| Q4 '24 | 2024-12-31 | $6.12B | $1.76B | $2.91 | $2.66B |
| Q3 '24 | 2024-09-30 | $6.09B | $1.67B | $2.75 | $2.65B |
| Q2 '24 | 2024-06-30 | $6.01B | $1.67B | $2.74 | $1.91B |
| Q1 '24 | 2024-03-31 | $6.03B | $1.64B | $2.69 | $2.12B |
| Q4 '23 | 2023-12-31 | $6.16B | $1.65B | $2.70 | $2.40B |
| Q3 '23 | 2023-09-30 | $5.94B | $1.53B | $2.51 | $2.13B |
Ratios derived from TTM financials and the current market price, sampled daily. History chart shows how expensive the stock is today relative to its own recent past.
- P/E — price / TTM earnings. Rough market rule: 10–15 value, 15–25 market, >30 growth/premium. Negative when earnings are negative.
- P/B — price / book value. Useful for financials and asset-heavy names; meaningless for asset-light software.
- P/S — price / TTM revenue. Useful when earnings are negative or noisy (early-stage growth).
- EV/EBITDA — capital-structure-neutral. <10 cheap, 10–15 reasonable, >20 rich. Good for comparing across leverage profiles.
- EV/Sales — like P/S but accounts for debt + cash. Compare within sector.
- ROE — return on equity. >15% strong, >25% exceptional. Caution: high leverage inflates ROE.
- ROA — return on assets. Leverage-neutral; >5% solid, >10% exceptional.
- Div Yield — annual dividend / price. Compare to 10Y Treasury; sustained yield >6% often signals distress.
- FCF Yield — free cash flow / market cap. >5% is attractive; negative means burning cash.
- Debt/Equity — leverage. <1 conservative, >2 aggressive. Sector-dependent (utilities naturally high, tech low).
- Current Ratio — short-term liquidity. >1.5 comfortable, <1 raises short-term solvency flags.
- Compare current level to the 3-year band: near the high end = relatively expensive; near the low = relatively cheap.
- Multiples expanding while earnings are flat = sentiment-driven rally.
- Multiples compressing while earnings grow = value coming from fundamentals.
Regulatory short-interest reports publish on a bi-weekly settlement cadence; short-volume is reported daily by the trade-reporting facilities. Float is derived from insider-ownership filings.
- Short Interest — total shares currently sold short as of the settlement date. Lags real time by ~8 business days.
- SI % of Float — short interest / free float. The key crowding metric.
- Days to Cover — short interest / avg daily volume. How many full trading days it would take shorts to buy back. High DTC + catalyst = squeeze fuel.
- Short Vol Ratio — today's short-sale volume / total volume. Intraday selling pressure proxy (not the same as short interest).
- Free Float — shares available for public trading (total shares minus insider / restricted).
- Float % — free float / shares outstanding. <50% = tightly held, more prone to squeezes.
- SI % of Float < 5% — typical, no particular signal.
- 5–15% — elevated; watch for catalysts (earnings, guidance, macro).
- 15–30% — heavily shorted; tight-float names in this range have produced notable squeezes historically.
- >30% — extreme; borrow is likely expensive and squeeze risk is material.
- Days to Cover > 5 combined with high SI% amplifies squeeze potential.
- Trend matters more than level. Rapidly rising short interest often precedes negative catalysts or heavy hedging.
- A sudden drop in SI after a rally may indicate a squeeze in progress.
Short interest is reported mid-month and end-of-month; short volume is daily.